Background and Objectives: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is usually attributable to HPA-la antibodies. We report a case of parental platelet antigen incompatibility associated with a severe neonatal thrombocytopenia secondary to alloimmunization to HPA-3a. Materials and Methods: Platelet antibodies were detected by the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens, genotyping of the platelets by PCR, and HLA typing by serologic procedures and PCR. Results: Genotyping of maternal and paternal platelets confirmed the incompatibility in the HPA-3a system. It is noteworthy that the mother is of the HLA type DRB3*0101, is ABO-incompatible with her husband, and also has HLA class I antibodies. Conclusion: Severe neonatal thrombocytopenia associated with HPA-3a alloimmunization is infrequent and all the factors mentioned above could have played a role in the severity of the disease.

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