A simple modification of the radioimmunoassay Ausria I 125® was employed for detecting anti-HBs using the inhibition of a constant amount of HB(s) Ag. Anti-HB(s)was demonstrated in up to 82% of follow-up patients recovering from viral hepatitis B and in 79% of hemophilia patients. The antibody was found in 3.4% of healthy blood donors and in 10% of family contacts of patients with acute HB(s) Ag-positive viral hepatitis. The frequency of anti-HB(s) in 44 patients with HB(s) Ag-negative chronic aggressive hepatitis or cryptogenic liver cirrhosis (23%) did not differ significantly as compared with the occurrence of anti-HB(s) in 58 patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis (16%). These findings give further support to the suggestion that the hepatitis B virus does not contribute to the aetiology of HB(s) Ag-negative chronic active hepatitis.

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