Hintergrund: Bedingt durch Änderungen im Lebensstil gewinnen laparoskopische Verfahren zunehmend an Bedeutung. Zur laparoskopischen Magenchirugie existieren vor allem Studien aus Asien, wo die Inzidenz des Magenkarzinoms und besonders des Frühkarzinoms hoch ist und wo Tumoren häufig im unteren Magendrittel lokalisiert sind. Konträr verhält es sich in Deutschland mit einer rückläufigen Inzidenz des Magenkarzinoms und mit meist lokal fortgeschrittenen Tumoren proximaler Lokalisation. Methode und Ergebnisse: Die Metaanalysen enthalten überwiegend Daten zur laparoskopisch assistierten distalen Gastrektomie mit einer Inzision von 5-6 cm zum Bergen bzw. für schwierige Operationsschritte wie Schließen der Anastomose bzw. Komplettierung der Lymphadenektomie. Für das laparoskopische Vorgehen sprechen übereinstimmend der geringere intraoperative Blutverlust, die kürzere Hospitalisierungsdauer, der geringere postoperative Schmerzmittelverbrauch und das frühere Einsetzen der Darmtätigkeit - allesamt Parameter, die theoretisch auch durch den Einsatz von entsprechendem Instrumentarium und die Etablierung von standardisierten «FastTrack»-Abläufen in der offenen Chirurgie erreicht werden könnten. Bezüglich der Kosten sowie der Morbidität sind die Studien nicht eindeutig. Mit etwa 300 min bleibt die Operationsdauer signifikant länger, auch nach abgeschlossener Lernkurve von etwa 20-60 laparoskopischen Operationen pro Operateur. Dies sind Operationszahlen, die im Westen nur an wenigen Zentren realistisch erreicht werden können. Schlussfolgerungen: Onkologische Gleichwertigkeit konnte bisher nur durch eine ähnliche Anzahl entfernter Lymphknoten, nicht durch ein Langzeit-Follow-up gezeigt werden. Somit ist die laparoskopische Magenchirurgie derzeit in Deutschland kein Standard.

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