Hintergrund: Intraoperative Gerinnungsstörungen kommen bei großen Operationen häufig vor und können verschiedene, oft parallel auftretende Ursachen haben. Die Blutungsdynamik unter laufender Operation erfordert eine gute interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit sowie ein effektives Team- und Kontextmanagement. Geeignete diagnostische Methoden sind für ein rasches und zielgerichtetes Gerinnungsmanagement notwendig. Methode: Die Literatur bis April 2013 wurde selektiv, inklusive der neuen europäischen und deutschen anästhesiologischen Handlungsempfehlungen zum perioperativen Blutungsmanagement, berücksichtigt. Ergebnisse: Dilutionskoagulopathien zählen zu den häufigsten intraoperativen Gerinnungsstörungen, da bei Blutverlust zur Aufrechterhaltung der Makrozirkulation kolloidale oder kristalloide Lösungen infundiert bzw. Erythrozytenkonzentrate zur Oxygenierung transfundiert werden. Hypothermien, Azidosen, Hypocalciämien, Anämien, Hyperfibrinolysen, Medikamenteneinnahmen und Vorerkrankungen können die Koagulopathien verstärken. Fibrinogen ist der erste Faktor, der bei massiven Blutungen kritisch abfällt und substituiert werden muss. Schlussfolgerungen: Patientennahe diagnostische Verfahren eignen sich besonders zur Differenzierung von intraoperativen Gerinnungsstörungen und einer zielgerichteten Therapie. Faktorenkonzentrate stehen schneller als Gefrierplasmen (fresh frozen plasma, FFP) zur Verfügung und bilden häufig die Basis einer zielgerichteten Therapie. FFP enthalten alle Faktoren in einem physiologischen Verhältnis, allerdings unkonzentriert. Zu den Limitationen zählen neben geringerer Wirksamkeit die zeitaufwendige Vorbereitung und die nicht unerheblichen unerwünschten Wirkungen. Die Evidenzlage ist noch nicht ausreichend für eindeutige Empfehlungen.

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