a, c Cytological features of AUCs exhibited nonsuperficial urothelial cells with an increased N/C ratio (>0.5), mild hyperchromasia, and nuclear irregularity (Papanicolaou stain, ×400). b Histology of the surgical specimen subsequent to the cytology specimen in a showed polypoid thickened urothelial mucosa without cytologic atypia, edematous stroma, and chronic inflammatory cells in lamina propria. The pathological diagnosis was polypoid cystitis with urothelial hyperplasia (H&E stain, ×100). d Histology of the surgical resection specimen subsequent to the cytology specimen in c demonstrated confluent delicate papillae lined by AUCs. These cells were moderate to marked cytologic pleomorphism. The pathological diagnosis was high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma at the ureter (H&E stain, ×40).