Fig. 4.
By applying the AI system to Pap-stained smears of the pleural fluid, various shapes and sizes of clusters of carcinoma cells can be detected (red: adenocarcinoma cells). Lymphocytes (a, d), histiocytes (b, e) and mesothelial cells (c, f) are not labeled. The cancer cells by Papanicolaou stain (a–c) are detected by AI application (d–f) (in red). AI, artificial intelligence.