Chronischer psychosozialer und traumatischer Stress sind zentrale Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung psychosomatischer Erkrankungen. Eine Schlüsselrolle in der gemeinsamen Ätiologie psychischer und komorbide-auftretender körperlicher Erkrankungen wird dabei Veränderungen in der Regulation der neuroendokrinen Stressantwort, erhöhten Entzündungsprozessen und oxidativem Stress, dem schädlichen Überschuss an freien Sauerstoffradikalen, zugeschrieben. Angesichts der hohen Prävalenz von psychosozialem und traumatischem Stress über alle Gesellschaftsschichten hinweg ist es für die psychotherapeutische Praxis von großer Bedeutung, auch dessen molekulartoxische Folgen besser zu verstehen und in moderne Behandlungskonzepte zu integrieren. Es gilt, Interventionsmöglichkeiten auf psychobiologischer Ebene zu identifizieren, die stressassoziierte -biomolekulare Veränderung im Körper rückgängig machen können. In diesem Beitrag soll deshalb insbesondere die Rolle von entspannungs- und achtsamkeitsbasierter Verfahren wie Entspannungstechniken, z.B. Hypnose, Mediation oder Yoga, betrachtet werden, die neben der Symptomreduktion auf klinischer Ebene auch die biomolekularen Veränderungen nach psychosozialem und traumatischem Stress reduzieren und so der gesundheitlichen Belastung entgegenwirken können. Obwohl entspannungs- und achtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren im psychotherapeutischen Setting schon seit langem in unterschiedlichem Umfang eingesetzt werden, zeigt die aktuelle Studienlage, dass regelmäßig praktizierte entspannungs- und achtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren eine bislang unterschätzte Interventionsmöglichkeit in der Psychotherapie sein könnten, die es zukünftig häufiger und gezielter in die gesamtkörperliche Behandlung stress- und traumaassoziierter Erkrankungen zu integrieren gilt.

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