Zusammenfassung
Verhaltenssüchte sind gekennzeichnet durch das wiederholte Ausüben eines spezifischen Verhaltens unter Missachtung negativer Konsequenzen und des erlebten Kontrollverlusts im Alltag. Zentrale Konstrukte sind dabei Reizreaktivität und Craving, die aus der substanzbezogenen Suchtforschung auch durch aktuelle theoretische Modelle auf die Verhaltenssüchte übertragen werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über theoretische und empirische Arbeiten, die konsistent die Relevanz von Reizreaktivität und Craving als Schlüsselkonzepte auf subjektiver, peripherphysiologischer und neuraler Ebene bei der Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung spezifischer Verhaltenssüchte unterstreichen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wird hierbei auf spezifische Internetnutzungsstörungen und die bisherigen empirischen Befunde gelegt. Aus den dargestellten Erkenntnissen werden Empfehlungen für therapeutische Konzepte abgeleitet, die vor allem Reizreaktivität und Craving in den Fokus rücken sollten. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Ansätze sollte in zukünftigen Studien systematisch zur Optimierung therapeutischer Interventionen im Rahmen der Behandlung von Verhaltenssüchten überprüft werden.
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