Introduction: The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical significance of neoadjuvant combined androgen blockade (CAB) for ≥6 months in patients with localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: A total of 431 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent prostate brachytherapy (BT) with or without neoadjuvant CAB for ≥6 months with mean follow-up time of 64.6 months (range 24-108 months) were evaluated retrospectively. Of those 431, 232 patients received BT in combination with neoadjuvant CAB for ≥6 months. Biochemical recurrence-free rates (BRFRs) in 364 patients with at least 3 years of follow-up were evaluated by log-rank test. Results: BRFR in patients with low-, intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer were 98.1, 94.2 and 89.1%, respectively. In patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer only, neoadjuvant CAB was significantly associated with BRFR (p = 0.0468). Especially in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer with radiation dose received by 90% of the prostate (D90) <180 Gy, neoadjuvant CAB exerted a favorable impact on BRFR (p = 0.0429). On multivariate analyses, neoadjuvant CAB and D90 were independent predictors of BRFR (p = 0.0061 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: Neoadjuvant CAB for ≥6 months has a favorable impact on BRFR in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer, particularly in patients with relatively low radiation doses of D90.

Keywords:
Brachytherapy, Combined androgen blockade, Neoadjuvant, Prostate cancer
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2015
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