The changes produced in the parenchyma of both kidneys as a consequence of unilateral partial and complete ureteral obstruction have been investigated. Six different surgical procedures were employed to induce blockage of the urinary pathway in mature rats. The animals were sacrificed at intervals of 12 hours to 12 months. Both organs were removed, examined grossly, and histologically by procedures described in detail. It was found that the distention of the renal pelvis and subsequent parenchymal reduction of the ipsilateral kidney were proportionate to the degree of ureteral obstruction. Complete obstruction was followed by the severest renal injury; smaller amounts of tissue damage followed partial obstruction. The requisite time for the appearance of renal changes exhibited a relationship, being shorter when obstruction was complete. The contralateral intact kidney also gave evidence of parenchymal changes. These consisted of hypertrophy of the convoluted tubules, parenchymal hemorrhages and glomerulovascular sclerosis. They appeared after injury of the hydronephrotic kidney had become well established, and could be demonstrated, to some degree, in all instances of ureteral obstruction. The relationship of the changes in the contralateral kidney to those in the hydronephrotic organ is discussed.

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