Die Erfindung der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion durch Mullis, der hierfür 1993 den Nobelpreis für Chemie erhielt, ist einer der wichtigsten Fortschritte in der Molekularbiologie der letzten Jahre. Eine präzise Typisierung der HLA-Klasse-II-Allele auf der DNA-Sequenzebene ist heute bereits 90 min nach DNA-Extraktion möglich. Die klassischen serologischen HLA-Klasse-II-Typisierungen weisen eine Fehlerrate von bis zu 25% auf. Retrospektive Analysen zeigen, daß die Einführung der DNA-Typisierung in die Spender-Empfänger-Auswahl im Rahmen der klinischen Nieren-transplantation den Transplantationserfolg deutlich verbessern könnte. Die vorliegende Übersicht versucht, eine Wertung der verschiedenen Techniken für die klinische Anwendung zu geben.

Keywords:
Humane Leukozyten-Antigene, Transplantation, Polymerase-Kettenreaktion
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© 1994 S. Karger AG, Basel
1994
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