Patienten mit hämatologischen und onkologischen Erkrankungen bedürfen krankheits- oder therapiebedingt oftmals einer intensiven, supportiven Hämotherapie. Bis zur Verfügbarkeit spezifischer und sensitiver HCV-Antikörpertests in den Jahren 1989 bis 1990 waren sie einem erhöhten Risiko transfusionsassoziierter Hepatitis-C-Virus-Infektionen (Non-A, non-B-Posttransfusionshepatitis) ausgesetzt. Dies konnte durch unsere Untersuchungen mit den EIA-Testverfahren der «1.» und «2.» Generation, zum Nachweis von HCV-Antikörpern gegen strukturelle und nicht-strukturelle (NS) Antigen-Determinanten, bestätigt werden. In unserem Kollektiv waren 11/101 Patienten (10,9%) im Test der 2. Generation Anti-HCV-positiv. Der HCV-Antikörper-Nachweis war bei den EIAs der 2. Generation und im 4-RIBA, dem weiterentwickelten HCV-Immunoblot, häufiger positiv als bei den EIAs der 1. Generation. Offenbar unterscheiden sich hämatologischonkologische Patienten von klinisch gesunden Blutspendern durch eine stärkere Prävalenz der Antikörper gegen strukturelle Antigendeterminanten bei gleichzeitigem Verlust des NS-Antikörper-profils.

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