Die Messung der Energieabgabe ist seit dem 18. Jahrhundert ein aktuelles Problem der Ernährungsmedizin. Mit der fortschreitenden technischen Entwicklung stehen für die direkte Kalorimetrie gute technische Lösungen zur Verfügung. Das »Wiener Kalorimeter« ist eine Anlage, in der Probanden sich 24 Stunden und mehr unter definierter Aktivität und bilanzierter Diät aufhalten können. Die Utilisation aufgenommener Nahrungsenergie und die Energieabgabe während Überfütterung werden dargestellt und besprochen. Die zur Gewichtszunahme notwendige gesteigerte Energiezufuhr erfordert 1969 kcal/kg. Zur Definition des Energiebedarfes in verschiedenen katabolen Zuständen ist ein Vergleich der direkten mit der indirekten Kalorimetrie notwendig.

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