Wärmeanwendungen sind in der Krankheitsprävention und zur Linderung vielfältiger Beschwerden ein fester Bestandteil unserer Kultur. Durch die Fortschritte der Medizin wurden Wärmeanwendungen als therapeutisches Verfahren in Randgebiete verdrängt. Mit dem demographischen Wandel, der Zunahme chronischer und vor allem stoffwechselbedingter Erkrankungen sowie durch den Kostendruck im Gesundheitswesen wächst jedoch das Interesse an diesen Verfahren bei Betroffenen sowie auch in der Medizin. Neben der Konduktion und Konvektion werden im privaten und medizinischen Umfeld radiative Verfahren genutzt. Die Wirkung der Wärmeapplikation ist unabhängig vom Medium mit reflektorischen Reaktionen (Muskelentspannung und Schmerzlinderung) sowie Effekten auf Basis der Durchblutungserhöhung und der Temperaturerhöhung im Gewebe erklärbar. Da Wärme im Körper praktisch ausschliesslich mittels Konvektion über das Blut verteilt werden kann, erklärt sich der Einfluss auf das Herzkreislaufsystem. Unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmeregulationsmechanismen lassen sich drei Prinzipien unterscheiden. Die Wärmeapplikation oberhalb, innerhalb und unterhalb der Thermoneutralzone differieren jeweils hinsichtlich der Herzkreislaufbelastung und der Wärmeverteilung. Mit Wärmeanwendungen sind allerdings auch Gefahren verbunden - vor allem, wenn die Wärmeregulation durch Erkrankungen oder Medikationen auf zentraler oder lokaler Ebene gestört ist. Dies geschieht vor allem in Hinblick auf die Herzkreislaufbelastung und auf thermische Schädigungen der Haut. Daher sind Wärmeapplikationssysteme zu fordern, die den Wärmefluss individuell an die Wärmeaufnahmefähigkeit des Körpers anpassen (SensoCare®). Als Regelgrösse kann dazu die kontinuierliche Messung der Hauteigentemperatur genutzt werden, um eine effiziente und sichere Wärmeanwendung zu ermöglichen.

Keywords:
Thermoregulation, Thermoneutralzone, Sauna, Infrarotkabine, Infrarotstrahlung, Hauttemperatur, Hauttemperaturmessung, Erythema ab igne, Verbrennung
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2013
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