...) and its receptor (OX1R) are involved in various biological processes, including lipid metabolism, food intake, and sleep, and are present in canine testes [ 74 ]. In vitro analysis of fresh testis slices showed that OXA-OX1R interaction stimulates steroidogenesis in both scrotal and undescended gonads...

... confirms that components of the MAPK pathway drive testis differentiation via the key downstream genes SOX9 and AMH in marsupials as is observed in eutherian mammals. Appropriate activation of both p38α and -β is essential for testis determination to occur normally as double knockout of these genes leads...

... differentiation has generally been considered a theme of somatic cells to make a testis or ovary. Basically, the sex of individual somatic cells and germ cells matches. Therefore, the sex of germ cells is thought to follow the sex of somatic cells once determined. However, researchers realized that a big, open...

... but not XX gonads, suggesting a specific role in testis development. Methods: We used CRISPR to generate mouse strains deficient in Mmd2 and its 2 closely related PAQR family members, Mmd and Paqr8 , which are also expressed during testis development. Following characterization of Mmd2 expression...

... genome organisation DSD Enhancers Ovary Regulatory elements Sex determination Sox9 TAD Testis When the first annotation of the human genome was published in 2003, one of the major insights was that neither genome size nor gene number can explain organismal complexity across the tree...

... determination Testis Uterus Disorders of sex development (DSD) are defined as congenital conditions where the chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is atypical [Hughes et al., 2006; Lee et al., 2006, 2016]. The estimated incidence of DSD is approximately 1 in 4,500–5,500 newborns, but including...

... a crucial role in testis differentiation, both in germ cells and somatic cells. Deletions and, more recently, point mutations affecting human DMRT1 have demonstrated that its heterozygosity is associated with 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis. Most of our detailed knowledge of DMRT1 function in the testis...

... continues to be produced by the testis after müllerian duct regression, and the ovaries also secrete AMH when müllerian ducts are no longer sensitive. These observations suggest that AMH might have other physiological roles. In the testis, AMHR2 is expressed in Sertoli [Dutertre et al., 1997] and Leydig...

... to in the content or advertisements. Gene expression profiling Histology nanos Ovary PGCs Testis vasa Original Article Sex Dev 2020;14:80 97 DOI: 10.1159/000513378 Received: July 31, 2020 Accepted: September 16, 2020 Published online: March 10, 2021 Primordial Germ Cell Migration and Histological...

... analysis and mouse knockout databases)? Is this gene correlated with human diseases (using human disease variant databases)? Using mouse fetal testis as an example, our strategies identified 298 genes annotated as expressed in the fetal testis. We cross-referenced these genes to existing microarray data...

...Keng Y. Chew; Marilyn B. Renfree Marsupials are born with undifferentiated gonads, and their reproductive organs differentiate consecutively, not simultaneously as in eutherian mammals. Thus, in the main marsupial model, the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, the testis forms cords 2 days after...

.... Fig. 3 Fragmentation (ovary) and expansion (testis) of medullary cords in amniotes. The gonadal primordium in amniotes consists of 2 parts: cortex and medulla. During ovarian development, germ cells do not develop as stem cells but enter oogenesis. As a result, the cortex expands and becomes...

.... Intersex Male Karyotype Testis Tomcat Sex chromosome DSD SRY Normal sexual development in mammals is a multi-step process that includes the establishment of chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex. Impairment in any of these pathways leads to abnormal sexual development [Lyle, 2007; Meyers...

... gonads into either testes or ovaries. If the embryo inherits X and Y sex chromosomes, the Y-linked SRY (sex determining region in Y) gene initiates a network of genes that results in a functional testis and ultimately a male phenotype. By contrast, in an embryo with 2 X chromosomes, the undifferentiated...

... of the predicted 271-bp product. The RT-PCR was performed twice using 2 independent RNA preparations from separate portions of the testicular biopsy. For immunohistochemistry, 3-µm sections were cut from the prepared testis biopsy block. Parallel sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E...

... Estrogen Leydig cell Nuclear receptor Ovary Steroid hormone Testis In 1849, Berthold et al. described the male-specific larger crest and male-specific behavior of the rooster disappearing as a result of castration post-hatching [Berthold, 1849]. They also observed recovery of the diminished...

...A.J. Notini; P.J. McClive; S.J. Meachem; J.A. van den Bergen; P.S. Western; S.E. Gustin; V.R. Harley; P. Koopman; A.H. Sinclair In an effort to identify novel candidate genes involved in testis determination, we previously used suppression subtraction hybridisation PCR on male and female whole...

...R. Jiménez; F.J. Barrionuevo; M. Burgos Gonads are the only organs with 2 possible developmental pathways, testis or ovary. A consequence of this unique feature is that mutations in genes controlling gonad development give rise not only to gonadal malformation or dysfunction but also to frequent...

...E.K. Ungewitter; H.H.-C. Yao Sex determination of the gonad is an extraordinary process by which a single organ anlage is directed to form one of two different structures, a testis or an ovary. Morphogenesis of these two organs utilizes many common cellular events; differences in the timing...

...), affects fetal testis differentiation in mice. We find that Prokr2 is specifically expressed in the XY gonads during sex determination and fetal sexual differentiation, and knockout mice display a variable degree of compromised vasculature in the fetal testes. This phenotype offers potential insight...