... functions. The prime examples are noncoding genes on the X chromosome, which mitigate the differential dosage of genes on sex chromosomes. Here, we discuss the evolution of noncoding RNAs on the Y chromosome and the emerging evidence of how micro, long, and circular noncoding RNAs transcribed from the Y...

..., quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2021 Evolution Penile morphology Echidna Monotreme Cloaca...

..., quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Evolution Selection Temperature-dependent sex determination Wnt signaling...

...) in generating selection for ESD, but highlight alternative ways differential fitness arises: seasonal impacts on growth, sex-specific ages of maturation, and sex-biased dispersal. ESD has the potential to generate biased sex ratios quite easily, leading to complex feedbacks between the ecology and evolution...

... to in the content or advertisements. 2020 Comparative genomics Development Evolution Gonad development Gonadal differentiation Oestradiol treatment Sex determination Disorders of sex development are common birth abnormalities in humans that affect 1.7% of live births [Fausto-Sterling, 2000...

...-determining gene is evolutionally conserved. For example, therian mammals share the heteromorphic sex chromosome pair, a large X chromosome and a tiny Y chromosome, on which the male-determining gene Sry has been conserved for 166 million years (MY) [Graves, 2013] (Fig. 1 ). Similarly, in all birds, the ZW...

... player in ovarian differentiation and oogenesis in vertebrates and especially mammals. This review focuses on Foxl2 genes in light of recent findings on their evolution, expression, and implication in sex differentiation in animals in general. Homologs of Foxl2 and its paralog Foxl3 are found in all...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2013 <italic>doublesex</italic> Evolution Gene duplication Insects Sex determination <italic>transformer</italic> The development into different sexes is a widespread phenomenon in eukaryote...

... that regulate developmental fates. To account for divergent evolution, Wilkins [1995] proposed that sex-determining pathways evolve by a step-by-step incorporation of new upstream components in preexisting pathways. Nevertheless, the existence of so many different types of signals was surprising when...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Anura Evolution Homomorphic sex chromosomes Recombination Sex linkage Tree frogs Amphibian sex determination systems are still poorly understood [Hillis and Green, 1990; Eggert, 2004], except for a few recent studies...

... are overrepresented on the X chromosome: sex and reproduction genes and brain-related genes. The X chromosome has acquired bursts of young male-biased genes engaged in sex and reproduction which exemplifies the dynamics of sex chromosome evolution. Brain genes are old genes and display the most conserved...

... and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Evolution Medaka Sex chromosome Sex determination Sex differentiation The mechanism of sex determination has...

... and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Diversity Evolution Poecilid Sex determination At a first glance, sex is a luxury. Such a system where 2...

.... Balanced lethal Butterfly Evolution Intersex Moth Sex chromatin Sex-determining pathway W chromosome Wolbachia Sex chromosomes stand out from the rest of the chromosome complement by being structurally different, having a different behaviour in meiosis, sometimes being visible...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Comparative genomics Evolution Sex determination X inactivation The mole vole Ellobius lutescens is an exceptional species. This subterranean animal from the riparian countries of the Caucasus Mountains (Armenia, Iran...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Chromosomes Evolution Meiosis Synaptonemal complex Vertebrates Original Article Sex Dev 2007;1:161 168 DOI: 10.1159/0000102105 Received...

... O. celebensis and O. mekongensis as well as from other fish genera [Kondo et al., 2003]. Hence, dmrt1bY has been formed during evolution of the Oryzias lineage. There is no evidence so far from any fish species that dmrt1 itself might serve as master sex-determining gene. Even...