... and especially IL-8 and IL-6 in a TLR4- and CD14-specific manner. Retinoids, but mostly corticosteroids, also use this pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Toll-like receptors (TLR) act as PRR. TLR are transmembrane proteins with an extracellular domain consisting of leucine-rich repeats...

.... Arsenic trioxide (AsO 3 ) is used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in combination with retinoids. As the latter are established treatment options in CTCL, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of AsO 3 for mono- and combination therapy in vitro. Analyses for apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition...

... a potent regulator for many physiological processes. While murine melanoma cells are highly sensitive to retinoid treatment, human melanoma cells have developed still unidentified mechanisms that mediate cellular retinoid resistance. One of the key retinoid metabolizing enzymes is lecithin retinol...

...P.A. Lehman; T.J. Franz Purpose: To develop a simple pharmacodynamic (PD) assay for the evaluation of the bioequivalence of topically applied retinoid products. Methods: Daily applications of products containing tretinoin or adapalene were made to the forearms of human subjects for up to 21 days...

... clinical and histologic results of systematic trials, including the few studies of retinoid compounds other than tretinoin. Among the extensive data on topical tretinoin are long-term treatment results that provide evidence of ultrastructural changes. These histologic findings suggest that fundamental...

... 31 3 2009 Acitretin Retinoids Liver Phospholipids P-450 © 1994 S. Karger AG, Basel 1994 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means...

...Hans Schaefer Topical retinoids are therapeutically active at low pharmaceutical concentrations, i.e. in essence lack of penetration is not a problem. Thus studies on the cutaneous pharmacokinetics focus on the distribution pattern in the skin, the penetration pathways, the cutaneous metabolism...

...Gerard J. Gendimenico; James A. Mezick Retinoids exert profound pleiotropic effects in skin, affecting many aspects of cell differentiation and proliferation. For this reason, retinoids have prominent pharmacological effects on major skin cells (keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, melanocytes...

...Peter Buchan In current cutaneous retinoid therapy systemic exposure is low and the risk of teratogenesis appears to be limited. However, new indications, altered posologies and the introduction of new synthetic retinoids demand continuous assessment of the teratogenic risk. Teratogenicity testing...

... and to relate these functions to specific in vivo effects. The racemic synthetic retinoid 6-[(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2 – naphthyl)hydroxy-methyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid has recently been identified as an RARΓ-selective agonist. A synthetic method involving lipase-mediated transformation...

...J. Bailly; C. Delescluse; J.M. Bernardon; B. Charpentier; B. Martin; W.R. Pilgrim; B. Shroot; M. Darmon Retinoic acid and analogues (retinoids) are able to induce the differentiation of F9 murine embryonal carcinoma stem cells into endoderm-like cells. The secretion of plasminogen activator (PA...

... or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Rhino mouse Retinoids CD271 Topical formulations Skin Pharmacol...

.... It was shown that both retinoids are capable of inhibiting angiogenesis evoked by a human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Acitretin, but not etretinate, inhibited also angiogenesis induced by the spontaneously transformed murine keratinocyte cell line Pam 212 and by the established tumorigenic SKv cell...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Retinoids Immunomodulation Dermatology Oncology Skin Pharmacol 1991;4:142-149 CO1991 S. Karger AG, Basel 1011 -0283/91/0043-0142S2.75/0 Modulation of Human Immune...

...James Varani; Gerard J. Gendimenico; Biren Shah; Douglas Gibbs; Robert J. Capetola; James A. Mezick; John J. Voorhees The purpose of these studies was to directly compare the pharmacologic effects of retinoids on cutaneous cells in vitro and in vivo. Previously, it was demonstrated that all-trans...

... differentiation. Two biologically active analogs (compounds II and III) did not bind to the CRABP. One biologically inactive analog (compound VIII) bound to CRABP. These results strongly suggest that retinoids must bind to RARs but not necessarily to CRABP in order to induce cell differentiation in F9 cells...

...M. Démarchez; J. Eustache; B. Shroot; H. Schaefer Retinoic acid and some selected analogs were tested to evaluate their effect on skin morphogenesis and toxicity in the chick embryo. Retinoids dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide were injected at doses varying from 10 pmol to 10 µmol into the amniotic...

... method for simultaneous determination of the 2 retinoids with a quantification limit of 2 ng/ml in plasma and 10 ng/g in total skin (epidermis and dermis). In hairless rats receiving orally 8 mg/kg acitretin once daily during 8 days, blood and skin samples were taken at different time points between 5...

.... Isotretinoin Retinoids Topical application Plasma concentrations Cutaneous absorption Original Research Article Skin Pharmacol 1994;7:140-144 D. Santanaa H. Bunb J. Joachima A. Durand0 J.P. Reyniera Plasma Concentrations after Three Different Doses of Topical Isotretinoin 3 Laboratoire de pharmacie...

... to in the content or advertisements. Claudin 2 Tight junction Retinoids Keratinocytes Epidermis Original Paper Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2008;21:211 217 DOI: 10.1159/000135637 Received: April 13, 2007 Accepted after revision: December 8, 2007 Published online: May 29, 2008 Claudin 2 mRNA and Protein...