... which the blister fluid was collected. In vitro Permeation Test Hydroquinone Percutaneous absorption Percutaneous permeation Topical bioavailability The in vitro permeation test (IVPT) using human skin has been vital to the study of percutaneous absorption and the development...

... vascular disorders. Objective: This study aimed to formulate heparin in non-ionic colloidal carrier systems (CCSs) having enhanced percutaneous absorption for systemic and topical administration. Methods: Five CCSs were developed and characterized for their rheological properties, droplet size, and drug...

... penetration is rate-limited by dissolution and molecular speciation, the effect of different formulations and artificial sebum on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of radiolabel associated with Zn[ 14 C]PT was investigated. Method: In vitro penetration of [ 14 C]PT into and through excised human skin...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Percutaneous absorption Cosmetic products Franz diffusion cell Bleaching agents Human skin Hydroquinone (HQ) is a hydroxyphenol that is naturally present in plants and foods such as coffee, cranberries, and blueberries...

... [ 1,2,3,4 ]. In line with the ‘three Rs' principle of Russell and Burch [ 5 ], the in vitro measurement of the percutaneous absorption replaces the use of animals in scientific research [ 6 ]. For cosmetic products on the EU market, this replacement is mandatory because Regulation 1223/2009 [ 7 ] prohibits...

...G.P. Moss This article summarizes the work of 4 researchers in the field of percutaneous absorption - Keith Brain, Mark Cronin, Dermot McCafferty and John Pugh. It summarizes their main achievements in this field and reviews their major contributions to the broader subject area. 22 10 2012...

... sincerely welcomed me and, over the intervening years, has generously offered advice, critical comments and warm humor. I have consistently sought and valued her ideas, thoughts and suggestions. Percutaneous absorption Chemical engineering Mathematical modeling It is my sincere pleasure...

... to the understanding of percutaneous absorption and to occupational dermatology. He and his companions/coworkers established and introduced experimental prerequisites to better study and understand percutaneous absorption - both in vitro and in vivo. Not less influential was his contribution to occupational...

...M.S. Roberts An appreciation of solute-vehicle-skin interactions underpins our current understanding of the processes of percutaneous absorption as well as in the prediction of the extent of absorption. This understanding has been reached through principles developed and validated over the last...

...P.A. Lehman; S.G. Raney; T.J. Franz Aims: To examine the existing literature to determine the degree to which percutaneous absorption data obtained using the excised human skin model match those obtained from living man. Methods: The scientific literature was reviewed to collect data on compounds...

... of an in vitro test protocol for percutaneous absorption studies on the basis of reconstructed human epidermis and both human and pig skin ex vivo. Aiming to assess the barrier properties of a newly developed reconstructed skin model, this protocol has now been transferred to the Phenion® Full-Thickness Skin...

... of the kinetics of drug absorption in vitro through excised human skin. Methods: The percutaneous absorption of seven approved generic topical drug products was compared with their corresponding reference products during preclinical development using the Franz diffusion cell. Thereafter, following the conduct...

.... Metronidazole Topical formulations Cutaneous levels Volunteer study Percutaneous absorption O riginal Research Article Skin Pharmacol 1997;10:28-33 Received: June 13,1996 Accepted: November 4, 1996 Peter Dykes Stephanie Hill Ronald Marks Department of Dermatology, University of Wales College of Medicine...

... epidermis Keratinocyte differentiation Proliferative fibroblasts Extracellular matrix Percutaneous absorption © 1997 S. Karger AG, Basel 1997 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced...

... conditions, they appeared to gain structural continuity with permeation enhancement. These results indicate that extracellular lacunar domains comprise a pore pathway for penetration of polar and nonpolar molecules across the SC. Percutaneous absorption Transdermal drug delivery Stratum corneum lipids...

...Margaret E.K. Kraeling; Raymond J. Lipicky; Robert L. Bronaugh The effect of dose and enzymatic inhibition on the percutaneous absorption and metabolism of benzocaine was studied in vitro in the hairless guinea pig. At the dose level of 2 μg/cm 2 , benzocaine was rapidly absorbed and extensively...

... 2009 Percutaneous absorption Caffeine Progesterone Urea Skin flap Cutaneous blood flow © 1991 S. Karger AG, Basel 1991 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized...

...), respectively, for citropten and bergapten. Our results show that the suction blister technique could be used for comparing transepidermal penetration of several compounds in vivo in man. Percutaneous absorption HPLC Citropten Bergapten Suction blister Skin Pharmacol 1991;4:100-108 © 1991 S. Karger AG...

...Ethel Tur; Howard I. Maibach; Richard H. Guy Percutaneous absorption of the vasodilator methyl nicotinate (MN) was evaluated in human volunteers at three anatomic sites (forehead, forearm and palm) using the technique of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The experiments were designed to test...

...Frédérique Hueber; Jacques Wepierre; Hans Schaefer The importance of the transappendageal route on percutaneous absorption was assessed in the hairless rat. Skin permeation of two steroids, hydrocortisone and testosterone, was evaluated in vivo on normal and artificially damaged skin in which...