... enhancers Iontophoresis Sonophoration Electroporation Microneedles Liposomes Transferosomes Niosomes Ethosomes © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel 2007 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced...

... of these routes, low stratum corneum permeability limits the usefulness of topical drug delivery. To overcome this, methods have been assessed to increase permeation. One controversial method is the use of vesicular systems, such as liposomes and niosomes, whose effectiveness depends on their physicochemical...