...Yumi Touma; Mayumi Ichikawa; Masatake Kishi; Tomomi Yokota; Akio Fujisawa Introduction: Percutaneous drug delivery systems are attractive not only as a therapeutic strategy but also for cosmetic treatment. Iontophoresis is a well-recognized method for promoting transdermal absorption of ionized...

...Denise Falcone; Natallia Uzunbajakava; Renée Richters; Peter C.M. van de Kerkhof; Piet E.J. van Erp Background/Aims: Histamine iontophoresis is known to elicit itch and a wheal-and-flare reaction; however, its impact on the skin barrier and underlying compartments has not been thoroughly evaluated...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug delivery Transdermal patch Skin Heat-activated delivery Iontophoresis Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2013;26:331 342 DOI: 10.1159/000351815...

... Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy) to characterize the skin barrier and the effects of enhancing techniques on the membrane, dermatopharmacokinetics and assessment of topical bio-availability, iontophoresis and reverse iontophoresis, and use of imaging techniques...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Skin Transdermal transport Polar pathway Dermis Iontophoresis A fundamental understanding of the transport mechanisms across the skin and of the barrier...

...S. Mutalik; H.S. Parekh; Y.G. Anissimov; J.E. Grice; M.S. Roberts Purpose of the Study: The overall aim of the present work was to elucidate the effects of iontophoresis on assisting permeation/deposition of peptide dendrimers across/within human skin. Procedures: A series of peptide dendrimers...

...M. Klonizakis; G. Manning; R. Donnelly Purpose of Study: Non-invasive laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI), combined with iontophoresis, have been used to study the microcirculation in a range of clinical conditions including lower limb venous disease. A prerequisite...

...K.A. Brocx; P.D. Drummond Aim: To investigate the reproducibility of direct and axon-reflex vasodilator responses to increasing doses of acetylcholine administered transcutaneously by iontophoresis. Methods: Increasing doses of acetylcholine ions were introduced into the skin of the volar forearm...

...Sophie Thysman; Dominique Van Neste; Véronique Préat The main objective of our study was to investigate skin function and structure in human volunteers after electrical current application in order to demonstrate the safety of iontophoresis in vivo. The direct current was applied for 30 min...

... enhancers Iontophoresis Sonophoration Electroporation Microneedles Liposomes Transferosomes Niosomes Ethosomes © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel 2007 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced...

... such as iontophoresis and phonophoresis, as well as by combinations of both chemical and physical methods or by combinations of several physical methods. There are cases where skin penetration of the drug used in the formulation is not the aim of the topical administration. Penetration reducers can be used to prevent...

..., iontophoresis, and their combination on the transdermal delivery of tea catechins across porcine skin. The permeation characteristics were investigated using various analogues of catechins, pH values, and modes of electroporation and iontophoresis. The mechanisms by which these catechins were transported via...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Skin metabolism Transdermal therapeutic system Chemical enhancer Drug structure Temperature Iontophoresis Phonophoresis (ultrasound) Review...

... and acceptor properties) and of molecular volume are well established, and useful predictive relationships for passive percutaneous permeability exist. With respect to iontophoresis, on the other hand, the situation is far less clear and the mechanisms involved have not been completely defined. The roles...

... this study to identify the effectiveness and mechanism of TDD using the physical method, ‘iontophoresis’, plus the chemical method, ‘pretreatment with chemical enhancer’. The action sites of chemical enhancers in the stratum corneum (SC) were observed by electron microscope. We also studied whether...

...Teruo Murakami; Chie Ihara; Gakuji Kiyonaka; Ryoko Yumoto; Sadayuki Shigeki; Yushikazu Ikuta; Noboru Yata The usefulness of iontophoresis is restricted to highly water-soluble compounds, since drugs are generally applied as an aqueous solution in a drug electrode. In the present study, salicylic...

... of electric pulses. The changes in skin capacitance were nonsignificant. The magnitude of the alterations depended on the electrical features of the pulses. When compared to iontophoresis, high-voltage pulses did not induce stronger alterations of skin functions. This report provides the first in vivo...