... signs in the distribution of affected dermatomes and feel unbearable reaching up to 9–10/10 on visual analog scale (VAS). Despite the introduction of new medications, drug resistance develops in at least 50% of cases. Neuromodulation techniques such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and peripheral nerve...

... in oscillatory activity and synchronization in frontal cortical regions, the basal ganglia, and the midbrain locomotor region have been reported, indicating that dysrhythmic oscillations and coherence could play a causal role in the pathophysiology of FOG. Deep brain stimulation and spinal cord stimulation (SCS...

...Samuel H. Kim; Christian G. Lopez Ramos; Mihir J. Palan; Elise Kronquist; Hao Tan; Mohamed Amgad Elsayed Elkholy; Ahmed Raslan Introduction: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective treatment for patients with refractory chronic pain. Despite its efficacy, rates of reoperation after initial...

...Ingeborg van Kroonenburgh; Sonny K.H. Tan; Petra Heiden; Jochen Wirths; Georgios Matis; Harald Seifert; Veerle Visser-Vandewalle; Pablo Andrade Introduction: Neuromodulation using deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), and peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) to treat...

...; Suneil K. Kalia; Robert Chen; Alfonso A. Fasano; Andres M. Lozano Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been investigated as a potential therapeutic option for managing refractory symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed...

...Martin Kilchukov; Roman Kiselev; Anton Gorbatykh; Asya Klinkova; Vladimir Murtazin; Oksana Kamenskaya; Kirill Orlov Introduction: The objective of the study is to determine if high-frequency (1 kHz) spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is better than low-frequency SCS for pain relief in chronic limb...

... to be bidirectional, suggesting that treatment of one can be beneficial to the other. There is mounting evidence that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) improves aspects of sleep. How meaningful that is to patients’ lives has not been ascertained. Objective: The aim of the current study was to further elucidate the effect...

...Melanie Bondoc; Maria Hancu; Marisa DiMarzio; Breanna L. Sheldon; Miriam M. Shao; Olga Khazen; Julie G. Pilitsis Introduction: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an efficacious chronic pain treatment most commonly used in middle-aged patients. Results from previous studies that investigated SCS...

...Irene E. Harmsen; Dilafruz Hasanova; Gavin J.B. Elias; Alexandre Boutet; Clemens Neudorfer; Aaron Loh; Jürgen Germann; Andres M. Lozano Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a neuromodulation technology widely used in the treatment of intractable chronic pain syndromes. SCS is now being...

...Yijie Lai; Yixin Pan; Linbin Wang; Chencheng Zhang; Bomin Sun; Dianyou Li Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is receiving increasing interests for treating pain and gait disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In an SCS study, it is hard to apply a double-blind approach, especially at low...

...James Manfield; Richard Bartlett; Nicholas Park Background: Implanted high-frequency spinal cord stimulators at 10 kHz (HF-SCS) have recently acquired conditional approval for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including retrospective application to previously implanted devices. Under certain...

...Syed M. Adil; Jing L. Han; Beth A. Parente; Patrick Hickey; Shivanand P. Lad Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established therapy for chronic pain syndromes, with growing applicability to other conditions. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a widespread, chronic movement disorder...

...Jonathan J. Lee; Saeed S. Sadrameli; Virendra R. Desai; Ryan J. Austerman; Dean M. Leonard; Brian D. Dalm Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a well-established treatment modality for chronic pain. Thoracic radiculopathy has been reported as a complication of SCS paddle lead implantation...

... changes, and psychiatric factors contribute to its development; thus, a neuropsychiatry-orientated combined therapy could be promising. Objectives: We used a combined strategy with the aims of demonstrating its therapeutic outcomes on PLP. Methods: The patient initially received spinal cord stimulation...

... baclofen pump Spinal cord stimulation Neuromodulatory devices Neuromodulation utilizes implantable medical devices to deliver drugs or provide electrical stimulation to the nervous system to reduce symptoms or restore neurological functions. In the last decades, new indications combined...

... difficult to be aware of MRI specifications for each device. Objectives: We provide a review of the clinical experience with MRI and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices and develop a general reference of current device/MRI specifications. Methods: We reviewed the available literature on the clinical...

...Youngwon Youn; Heather Smith; Brian Morris; Charles Argoff; Julie G. Pilitsis Background: High-frequency stimulation (HFS) has recently gained attention as an alternative to parameters used in traditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Because HFS is paresthesia free, the gate theory of pain...

...Steven G. Roth; Steven Lange; Jessica Haller; Priscilla De La Cruz; Vignessh Kumar; Meghan Wilock; Stephen Paniccioli; Michael Briotte; Julie G. Pilitsis Background: Accurate lead placement is critical for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) efficacy. The traditional gold standard of awake placement...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Intraoperative monitoring Spinal cord stimulation Motor evoked potentials Somatosensory evoked potentials Pain Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is known to be a safe...

... for PHN with a combination of dorsal root entry zone lesion (DREZotomy) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Methods: Microsurgical DREZotomy assisted with SCS for target localization was performed in 6 patients with PHN. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain pre- and postoperatively...