Abstract
Introduction: According to current concepts of developmental tasks, both the use of digital media and the consumption of psychotropic substances are age-typical challenges for adolescents. The majority overcomes these developmental tasks, but a substantial proportion of youth develops problematic usage patterns (e.g., of video games) or problematic consumption behavior (e.g., of alcohol). Empirical findings show the importance of family aspects for these problematic behavior patterns. Currently, it is not clear which specific areas of parent-child relationship are associated in each case and whether there are differences between substance-related and substance-unrelated problematic behavioral patterns. Methods: We surveyed 480 adolescents (45.2% females, mean age = 16.84 years) with standardized instruments regarding the mother-child relationship as well as problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and problematic alcohol use. We conducted correlation and multiple linear regression analyses (separately for problematic gaming, problematic social media use, and problematic alcohol use) as well as a multivariate multiple regression analysis. Results: In the regression analyses, more conflicts with the mother were related to all three behavioral patterns. However, lower cohesion was only statistically significantly associated with problematic alcohol use, but not with problematic gaming and problematic social media use, whereas lower autonomy and more frequent punishment of the child were statistically significantly related to problematic gaming and problematic social media use, but not to problematic alcohol use. Discussion/Conclusion: The findings indicate partially different relational dynamics for substance-related and substance-unrelated problem behaviors (interestingly, for cohesion and autonomy, the 95% confidence intervals of the standardized regression coefficients were not overlapping). The results of the present study could be used in family-based prevention approaches or in treatments in the clinical setting.
References
1.
Walper
S
, Gniewosz
B
. Die Bedeutung der Familie im Jugendalter
. In: Gniewosz
B
, Titzmann
PF
, editors. Handbuch Jugend. Psychologische Sichtweisen auf Veränderungen in der Adoleszenz
. Stuttgart
: Kohlhammer
; 2018
. p. 71
–88
.2.
Grusec
JE
, Hastings
PD
. Handbook of socialization
. New York
: The Guilford Press
; 2016
.3.
Havighurst
RJ
. Developmental tasks and education
. New York
: Longman
; 1972
.4.
Hurrelmann
K
, Quenzel
G
. Lebensphase Jugend: Eine Einführung in die sozialwissenschaftliche Jugendforschung [Life phase adolescence: An introduction to social science youth research]
. Weinheim
: Beltz
; 2013
.5.
Eschenbeck
H
, Knauf
R-K
. Entwicklungsaufgaben und ihre Bewältigung
. In: Lohaus
A
, editor. Entwicklungspsychologie des Jugendalters [Developmental psychology of adolescence]
. Berlin
: Springer
; 2018
. p. 23
–50
.6.
Pontes
HM
, Macur
M
, Griffiths
MD
. Internet gaming disorder among slovenian primary schoolchildren: findings from a nationally representative sample of adolescents
. J Behav Addict
. 2016 Jun
;5
(2
):304
–10
.7.
Wartberg
L
, Kriston
L
, Thomasius
R
. Internet gaming disorder and problematic social media use in a representative sample of German adolescents: prevalence estimates, comorbid depressive symptoms and related psychosocial aspects
. Comput Hum Behav
. 2020
;103
:31
–6
.8.
American Psychiatric Association
. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5)
. 5th ed. Washington, DC, VA
: American Psychiatric Association
; 2013
.9.
WHO
. Gaming disorder [Internet]
. [cited 2021 May 30]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/addictive-behaviours-gaming-disorder.10.
Wartberg
L
, Kriston
L
, Thomasius
R
. Prevalence of problem drinking and associated factors in a representative German sample of adolescents and young adults
. J Public Health
. 2019 Sep 30
;41
(3
):543
–9
.11.
Nielsen
P
, Favez
N
, Rigter
H
. Parental and family factors associated with problematic gaming and problematic internet use in adolescents: a systematic literature review
. Curr Addict Rep
. 2020
;7
(3
):365
–86
.12.
Mößle
T
, Rehbein
F
. Predictors of problematic video game usage in childhood and adolescence
. Sucht
. 2013
;59
(3
):153
–64
.13.
Wartberg
L
, Kriston
L
, Kramer
M
, Schwedler
A
, Lincoln
TM
, Kammerl
R
. Internet gaming disorder in early adolescence: associations with parental and adolescent mental health
. Eur Psychiatry
. 2017 Jun
;43
:14
–8
.14.
Estévez
A
, Jáuregui
P
, Sánchez-Marcos
I
, López-González
H
, Griffiths
MD
. Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions
. J Behav Addict
. 2017 Dec 1
;6
(4
):534
–44
.15.
King
DL
, Delfabbro
PH
. Features of parent-child relationships in adolescents with Internet gaming disorder
. Int J Ment Health Addict
. 2017
;15
(6
):1270
–83
.16.
Li
AY
, Lo
BC
, Cheng
C
. It is the family context that matters: concurrent and predictive effects of aspects of parent-child interaction on video gaming-related problems
. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw
. 2018 Jun
;21
(6
):374
–80
.17.
Xie
X
, Guo
Q
, Wang
P
. Childhood parental neglect and adolescent internet gaming disorder: from the perspective of a distal – proximal – process – outcome model
. Child Youth Serv Rev
. 2021
;120
:105564
.18.
Wang
M
, Xu
Q
, He
N
. Perceived interparental conflict and problematic social media use among Chinese adolescents: the mediating roles of self-esteem and maladaptive cognition toward social network sites
. Addict Behav
. 2021 Jan
;112
:106601
.19.
Sampasa‐Kanyinga
H
, Goldfield
GS
, Kingsbury
M
, Clayborne
Z
, Colman
I
. Social media use and parent-child relationship: a cross-sectional study of adolescents
. J Community Psychol
. 2020 Apr
;48
(3
):793
–803
.20.
Soloski
KL
, Berryhill
MB
. Gender differences: emotional distress as an indirect effect between family cohesion and adolescent alcohol use
. J Child Fam Stud
. 2016
;25
(4
):1269
–83
.21.
Pizarro
KW
, Bustamante
IV
, Surkan
PJ
. Family factors and adolescent problem drinking in a high-risk urban Peruvian neighborhood
. Subst Use Misuse
. 2017 Jan 28
;52
(2
):194
–202
.22.
Balázs
MÁ
, Piko
BF
, Fitzpatrick
KM
. Youth problem drinking: the role of parental and familial relationships
. Subst Use Misuse
. 2017 Oct 15
;52
(12
):1538
–45
.23.
Titze
K
, Schenck
S
, Logoz
MZ
, Lehmkuhl
U
. Assessing the quality of the parent-child relationship: validity and reliability of the child-parent relationship test (Chip-C)
. J Child Fam Stud
. 2014
;23
(5
):917
–33
.24.
Su
B
, Yu
C
, Zhang
W
, Su
Q
, Zhu
J
, Jiang
Y
. Father-child longitudinal relationship: parental monitoring and Internet gaming disorder in Chinese adolescents
. Front Psychol
. 2018
;9
:95
.25.
Wartberg
L
, Kriston
L
, Kammerl
R
. Associations of social support, friends only known through the Internet, and health-related quality of life with Internet Gaming Disorder in adolescence
. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw
. 2017 Jul
;20
(7
):436
–41
.26.
Lemmens
JS
, Valkenburg
PM
, Gentile
DA
. The Internet gaming disorder scale
. Psychol Assess
. 2015 Jun
;27
(2
):567
–82
.27.
Wartberg
L
, Kriston
L
, Thomasius
R
. The prevalence and psychosocial correlates of internet gaming disorder
. Dtsch Arztebl Int
. 2017 Jun 23
;114
(25
):419
–24
.28.
van den Eijnden
RJJM
, Lemmens
JS
, Valkenburg
PM
. The social media disorder scale
. Comput Hum Behav
. 2016
;61
:478
–87
.29.
Bush
K
, Kivlahan
DR
, McDonell
MB
, Fihn
SD
, Bradley
KA
. The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking
. Arch Intern Med
. 1998 Sep 14
;158
(16
):1789
–95
.30.
Lampert
T
, Kuntz
B
. Tabak- und Alkoholkonsum bei 11- bis 17-jährigen Jugendlichen. Ergebnisse der KiGGS-Studie – Erste Folgebefragung (KiGGS Welle 1) [Tobacco and alcohol consumption among 11- to 17-year-old adolescents: results of the KiGGS study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1)]
. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz
. 2014 Jul
;57
(7
):830
–9
.31.
Rumpf
HJ
, Wohlert
T
, Freyer-Adam
J
, Grothues
J
, Bischof
G
. Screening questionnaires for problem drinking in adolescents: performance of AUDIT, AUDIT-C, CRAFFT and POSIT
. Eur Addict Res
. 2013
;19
(3
):121
–7
.32.
Titze
K
, Lehmkuhl
U
. EBF-KJ: Elternbildfragebogen für Kinder und Jugendliche [EBF-KJ: Parent Image Questionnaire for children and adolescents]
. Göttingen
: Hogrefe
; 2010
.33.
Wartberg
L
, Zieglmeier
M
, Kammerl
R
. Accordance of adolescent and parental ratings of Internet gaming disorder and their associations with psychosocial aspects
. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw
. 2019 Apr
;22
(4
):264
–70
.34.
Mentzoni
RA
, Brunborg
GS
, Molde
H
, Myrseth
H
, Skouverøe
KJ
, Hetland
J
, . Problematic video game use: estimated prevalence and associations with mental and physical health
. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw
. 2011 Oct
;14
(10
):591
–6
.35.
Bányai
F
, Zsila
Á
, Király
O
, Maraz
A
, Elekes
Z
, Griffiths
MD
, . Problematic social media use: results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample
. PLoS One
. 2017 Jan 9
;12
(1
):e0169839
.36.
Wartberg
L
, Fischer-Waldschmidt
G
, Kriston
L
, Hoven
CW
, Sarchiapone
M
, Carli
V
, . Longitudinal predictors of problematic alcohol use in adolescence: a 2-year follow-up study
. Addict Behav
. 2021 Apr 10
;120
:106952
.37.
Nielsen
P
, Favez
N
, Liddle
H
, Rigter
H
. Linking parental mediation practices to adolescents’ problematic online screen use: a systematic literature review
. J Behav Addict
. 2019
;8
:649
–63
.38.
Wartberg
L
, Brunner
R
, Kriston
L
, Durkee
T
, Parzer
P
, Fischer-Waldschmidt
G
, . Psychopathological factors associated with problematic alcohol and problematic Internet use in a sample of adolescents in Germany
. Psychiatry Res
. 2016 Jun 30
;240
:272
–7
.39.
Wartberg
L
, Bröning
S
, Lindenberg
K
. Problematic gaming in youth and its association with different dimensions of quality of life
. Zeitschrift für Kinder- undJugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
. 2022
;50
(1
):9
–15
.40.
Wartberg
L
, Kammerl
R
. Empirical relationships between problematic alcohol use and a problematic use of video games, social media and the internet and their associations to mental health in adolescence
. Int J Environ Res Public Health
. 2020
;17
:6098
.41.
Jessor
R
. Risk behavior in adolescence: a psychosocial framework for understanding and action
. J Adolesc Health
. 1991
;12
:597
–605
.42.
Spilkova
J
, Chomynova
P
, Csemy
L
. Predictors of excessive use of social media and excessive online gaming in Czech teenagers
. J Behav Addict
. 2017
;6
:611
–9
.© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
2022
You do not currently have access to this content.
