.... Furthermore, melatonin decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. It also increased the intracellular glutathione levels in HepG2 cells. Nano melatonin is more effective than regular melatonin. The most protective effect was observed with melatonin when it was administrated 24 h before...

... of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as well as cell viability for fibroblasts under UV-B irradiation. Results: When cultured fibroblasts were exposed to Rb2 prior to UV-B irradiation, Rb2 displayed suppressive...

...Hajime Takikawa; Makoto Fujiyoshi; Naoyo Sano; Masami Yamanaka The effects of various organic anions (2 µmol/100g body weight) on biliary glutathione excretion were studied in rats. Bromosulfophthalein markedly inhibited glutathione excretion, whereas dibromosulfophthalein was a less potent...

...Leonidas C. Goudas; Daniel B. Carr; Iwona Maszczynska; James E. Marchand; Heinrich Wurm; David J. Greenblatt; Richard M. Kream Prior studies in rodents have shown significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in peripheral organs following acute systemic or central administration of opioids...

...Howard D. Colby; Lynn B. LaCagnin; Layne E. Los The first step in the conversion of spironolactone (SP) to its biologically active metabolites is deacetylation to 7α-thiospirolactone (7α-thio-SL). Studies were done to evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on SP deacetylation by adrenal...

... concentrations and decreased intracellular glutathione levels. In rhesus macaques, cysteine levels decrease already within 1-2 weeks after infection with the closely related virus SIV mac . HIV-infected persons and SIV-infected rhesus macaques have also, on the average, substantially increased plasma glutamate...

...Mario Roederer; Frank J.T. Staal; Stephen W. Ela; Leonore A. Herzenberg; Leonard A. Herzenberg The observations that people infected with HIV suffer not only from an inflammatory stress but also from depleted glutathione levels have led to a general hypothesis that these two are causally related...

...Naoji Yasue; Eugene T.Y. Chan; Neil Kaplowitz; Paul H. Guth We studied the effect of inhibition of oxyradical formation and of endogenous glutathione (GSH) depletion on lesion formation in the gastrointestinal tract in a modified rat hemorrhagic shock model (1 h hypotension and 1 h reperfusion...

...Walid A. Al-Turk; Sidney J. Stohs; Fatma H. El-Rashidy; Sadeq Othman; Omar Shaheen The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR) in mouse lymphocytes as a function of cell concentration and age were determined. Lymphocytes from 2-, 9- and 24-month-old mice were...

...-dependent metabolic activities as well as conjugating pathways. Aminopyrine N-demethylation was selectively inhibited by in vitro addition of milrinone but not amrinone, and laurate hydroxylation was inhibited by both drugs. Cytosolic glutathione-S-tranferase activity was profoundly inhibited by in vitro...

... or in cytochrome P450-dependent drug metabolism were observed. In addition no deleterious effects were noted on total glutathione content in brain of Sn-mesoporphyrin-treated animals. After single doses of Sn-protoporphyrin of 20, 50 or 100 μmol/kg b.w. were administered at birth, transient decreases in hepatic...

...-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective glutathione (GSH)-depleting agent, to determine the effects of GSH depletion on acute gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosam-inidase (NAG) excretion increased equally in the groups given gentamicin alone compared to the groups given...

... g body weight, 5 of 6 animals died within 24 h. The concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid were measured in the duodenal homogenates of cysteamine-treated rats. The ulcerogen, at doses of 28 and 42 mg/100 g body weight, significantly reduced the GSH concentration. At a dose...

...Valentine A. Duruibe; Anthony Okonmah; Gershwin T. Blyden The effect of ciclosporin (CS) on hepatic and renal glutathione was investigated in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200–250 g each. CS (120 µg/kg/day, i.p.) treatment caused a significant decrease in both hepatic and renal glutathione...

...Bettyann Hoener; Arthur Noach; Mattias Andrup; T.-S. Benedict Yen The effects of 150, 600 or 1,200 nmol/ml of nitrofurantoin on glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), protein thiols (PSH) and cell integrity were studied in the isolated perfused rat liver. Nitrofurantoin produced a dose...

...Shelly C. Lu; John Kuhlenkamp; André Robert; Neil Kaplowitz The role of glutathione status in gastric mucosal cytoprotection has been a subject of controversy. Cysteamine, an exogenous sulfhydryl agent and diethyl maleate (DEM), an endogenous glutathione (GSH) depletor both appear to protect rats...

...Craig Schnell; Haig P. Bozigian; Marc H. Davies; Alex Merrick; Kyung S. Park; D.A. McMillan Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of changes in lighting schedules and food consumption on circadian rhythms in acetaminophen lethality and hepatic glutathione levels in male mice. Under...

...L.A. Videla; V. Fernández; A. Valenzuela; G. Ugarte Acute ethanol administration to rats fasted overnight resulted in a significant decrease in the content of glutathione (GSH) of the liver concomitantly with a partial increase in oxidized glutathione levels, representing a net 38% decrease...

... markedly, commensurate with the known depletion of hepatic glutathione under these conditions. It is suggested that the normal metabolic intermediate which conjugates with glutathione in the mercapturic acid pathway is also the electrophilic metabolite which in the absence of glutathione arylates hepatic...

... also demonstrate that the hepatotoxic metabolite is preferentially conjugated (detoxified) with glutathione, thereby depleting glutathione from the liver. Liver necrosis and arylation of cellular macromolecules occur only when glutathione is no longer available. Thus, a dose threshold exists...