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Graphic

Figure 2 from Zhi Tong Zuo, Ya Ma, Yan Sun, Cui Qing Bai, Chun Hua Ling, Feng Lai Yuan; The Protective Effects of >strong>Helicobacter pylori Infection on Allergic Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 4 January 2021; 182 (1): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508330

H. pylori has a protective effect on asthma by inducing highly immunosuppressive Tregs and inhibiting Th17. HP, H. pylori; Tregs, regulatory T cells; RORγt, retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) gamma t; Foxp3, forkhead transcription factor p3.

Two pathways of the H. pylori protective effect on allergic asthma. The top pathway, via inhibition of Thl7 cells secretion of IL-17. The bottom pathway, via promotion of Tregs cells secretion of IL-10 and immune tolerance.

Clinical imaging

Figure 2 from Miyuki Nemoto, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Hiroyuki Sasai, Shinji Higashi, Miho Ota, Tetsuaki Arai; Long-Term Multimodal Exercise Intervention for Patients with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 1 January 2025; 15 (1): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1159/000542994

Results of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-SPM analysis.

Individual pre and post intervention, at twenty-four to forty-eight weeks, near-infrared spectroscopy - Statistical Parametric Mapping analysis results for each participant showing increased areas and level of frontal lobe activation post intervention.

Complex graphs

Figure 3 from Jordi Kühne Escolà, Bessime Bozkurt, Bastian Brune, Lennart Steffen Milles, Doreen Pommeranz, Philipp Dammann, Yan Li, Cornelius Deuschl, Michael Forsting, Clemens Kill, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Martin Köhrmann, Benedikt Frank; Sex Differences in Clinical Presentation of Women and Men Evaluated at a Comprehensive Stroke Center for Suspected Stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 1 January 2025; 15 (1): 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1159/000543835

Forest plot showing adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of being diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease for presenting symptoms in women and men with suspected stroke. aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

There is a positive relationship for women and men between diagnosis with cerebrovascular disease and presenting with aphasia, gaze deviation, neglect, dysarthria, facial droop, limb ataxia, limb paresis, sensory impairment or visual field deficiency but not impaired completion of tasks, impaired consciousness or impaired orientation, which show a negative relationship.

Flowcharts

Figure 2 from Daisuke Azuma, Kingo Hirasawa, Reo Atsusaka, Yuichiro Ozeki, Atsushi Sawada, Masafumi Nishio, Ryosuke Kobayashi, Chiko Sato, Shin Maeda; Muscular Injury Is a Risk Factor for Post-Entire Circumferential Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Stricture. Dig Dis 2025; https://doi.org/10.1159/000543846

Study flowchart. Fifty-three lesions in 53 patients were subjected to EC-E-ESD. Four patients were excluded because they could not be followed up for more than 6 months or had non-curative resections and underwent additional CRT. Of the 32 lesions with esophageal stricture, 25 with EBD ≥6 were classified into the refractory stricture group; 7 lesions with EBD <6 and 17 with no stricture (a total of 24 lesions) were classified into the non-refractory stricture group. CRT, chemoradiotherapy; EBD, endoscopic balloon dilation; EC-E-ESD, entire circumferential esophageal ESD; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection

Outcomes of patients who underwent circumferential esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in the study period, including those excluded. The forty-nine included patients were categorized based on the presence of esophageal strictures post-procedure and the number of endoscopic balloon dilations required for correction.

Diagram illustrating anatomy

Figure 4 from Zhi Tong Zuo, Ya Ma, Yan Sun, Cui Qing Bai, Chun Hua Ling, Feng Lai Yuan; The Protective Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Allergic Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 4 January 2021; 182 (1): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508330

The gut-lung axis theory: Gut and lung interactions through microbiota and immune function. LPS, bacterial lipopolysaccharide; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; Tregs, regulatory T cells; DCs, dendritic cells; Th17, helper T cells 17.

A human torso with the digestive and respiratory systems highlighted. Arrows indicate pathways of blood circulation and lymphatic circulation connecting the gut and lungs. Icons represent the interacting elements; gut microbes, lung microbes, H pylori, LPS SCFAs, Tregs, DCs, IgA, and Th17 cells.

Photographs of medical cases

Figure 2 of Joseph Ryan, Lee Na Chong, Robert Jared Dunn; Preemptive, Self-Applied Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Oral Mucositis: A High-Risk Case Study. Case Rep Oncol 1 January 2025; 18 (1): 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1159/000541966

A series of clinical photographs of the oral cavity throughout RT. Top left: left lateral tongue ulceration with generalized erythema at session 9. Top right: left lateral tongue ulceration resolving at session 43. Middle left: slightly erythematous right buccal mucosa at session 18. Middle right: normal right buccal mucosa at session 46. Bottom left: erythematous soft and hard palate with ulceration and pseudomembrane formation at session 20. Bottom right: soft and hard palate displaying improved erythema with resolution of ulceration at session 46.

Six clinical photographs of open mouths showing the presentation and resolution of oral cavity conditions during radiotherapy.

Graphs

Figure 3 of Darren M. Brenner, Gregory S. Sayuk, Brooks D. Cash, Lucinda A. Harris, Nitin K. Ahuja, Jill K. Deutsch, Yang Yang, Suling Zhao, David P. Rosenbaum, Anthony J. Lembo; Tenapanor Improves Abdominal Symptoms Irrespective of Changes in Complete Spontaneous Bowel Movement Frequency in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation. Dig Dis 2024; https://doi.org/10.1159/000543166

Weekly AS3 response rates in the no-CSBM subgroup (a) and the ITT excluding no-CSBM subgroup (b). The weekly AS3 response was defined as achieving a reduction from baseline of ≥2 points in AS3 for a given week. Response rates were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square tests with a worst-case imputation approach (patients with missing data were considered to not have achieved a response). AS3, 3-item abdominal score; bid, twice a day; CSBM, complete spontaneous bowel movement; ITT, intent-to-treat; n, the number of patients with a valid week in the corresponding study week.

Two bar graphs comparing the weekly three-item abdominal score response rates between a placebo group and a Tenapanor fifty mg bid group over twelve weeks. Graph (a) represents the no- complete spontaneous bowel movement subgroup, while graph (b) represents intent-to-treat excluding no-complete spontaneous bowel movement subgroup. The x-axis represents the weeks (one to twelve), and the y-axis represents the percentage of patients achieving a reduction from baseline of ≥two points in three-item abdominal score for each week.

Diagram

Figure 1 from Tomoharu Yamaguchi, Yohko Maki, Haruyasu Yamaguchi; Yamaguchi Facial Expression-Making Task in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Novel and Enjoyable Make-a-Face Game. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 1 December 2012; 2 (1): 248–257. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339425

Parts of the Y-FEMT, exemplary results and error patterns. a The Y-FEMT consists of one outline plate and six simple parts of the human face. Exemplary results of the Smile task (b; Smile score was 10/10) and Anger task (c; Anger score was 10/10) in healthy elderly people. d–f Examples of the Smile task in AD patients. The score was decreased by 1 point for incorrect orientation of the eyes, but adopting the eyebrows as a moustache was not considered a mistake (d; Smile score was 9/10). Orientation of the nose is upside-down (e; Smile score was 9/10). Placement of the nose and symmetric property are different and expression score was 3 (f; Smile score was 7/10). g, h Examples of the Anger task in mild-to-moderate AD patients. Only the position of the eyebrows and eyes are correct, each gaining 1 point (g; Anger score was 2/10), and the fundamental structure of the face was good, except that the orientation of the eyes is left-right reversed, but the facial expression is different (h; Anger score was 5/10).

Examples related to the Yamaguchi Face Emotion Matching Test. Panel (a) shows the components of the test including one outline plate and six simple parts of the human face such as eyes, eyebrows, nose, and mouth against a black background.

Multi panel images

Figure 3 from Hewei Cheng, Lu Gao, Rixing Jing, Bo Hou, Xiaopeng Guo, Yong Yao, Ming Feng, Bing Xing, Feng Feng, Yong Fan; Reversibility of Impaired Large-Scale Functional Brain Networks in Cushing’s Disease after Surgery Treatment: A Longitudinal Study. Neuroendocrinology 1 March 2024; 114 (3): 250–262. https://doi.org/10.1159/000534789

Two informative functional brain networks as well as emotion scales with significant longitudinal changes in CD patients before treatment and at the 3-month follow-up. a Brain regions with significant longitudinal changes in functional connectivity within circuits of CerebN and FPN for CD patients, identified using non-parametric permutation tests (AlphaSim-corrected p < 0.01). b, c Significantly different functional connectivity measured by IC’s z scores across voxels within circuits of CerebN and FPN as well as emotion scales measured by the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) between any two of NCs, CD patients before the treatment (i.e., active CD patients), and endocrine-remitted CD patients at 3-month follow-up (FDR-corrected p < 0.05). A pseudo paired t test with age, sex, and years of school education as covariates was conducted to compare all IC’s z scores within each functional network as well as the SDS scores and SAS scores between CD patients before treatment and at the 3-month follow-up. While a pseudo two-sample t test with age, sex, and years of school education as covariates was conducted to compare IC’s z scores within each functional network as well as SDS scores and SAS scores between NCs and CD patients before treatment, and endocrine-remitted CD patients at 3-month follow-up. CerebN, cerebellar network; FPN, fronto-parietal network; CD, Cushing’s disease; Pres, CD patients before treatment; Posts, endocrine-remitted CD patients at 3-month follow-up; NCs, normal controls; ICs, independent components; FDR, false discovery rate.

Regions of the cerebellar network and the fronto-parietal network show altered functional connectivity in Cushing’s disease patients between active and endocrine-remitted states. Box plots in panel b indicate significant between group differences in both networks between normal controls, Cushing’s disease patients before the intervention and endocrine-remitted Cushing’s disease patients at three month follow-up. Box plots in panel c show no significant between-group difference in either self-rating depression scale or self-rating anxiety scale scores.