... which can be activated by various receptor ligands including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glutamate. Here, we investigated whether deletion of P2Y 1 (P2Y 1 R) and adenosine A 1 receptors (A 1 AR), and of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-receptor type 2 (IP 3 R2), in mice affects...

... important roles in the regulation of retinal glutamate content. Methods: Retinal cells isolated from rats were exposed to hypoxia for 24 h. We evaluated the retinal neuron survival, glutamate content in cultures with and without taurine under hypoxic conditions. The glutamate clearance function correlated...

...H. Bunting; R. Still; D.R. Williams; M. Gravenor; M.W. Austin Aim/Background: Abnormal metabolism of the neurotransmitter glutamate is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative conditions. Patients with migraine have been shown to have elevated plasma glutamate levels. Migraine is a risk factor...

...Mari Kawamura; Noriyuki Azuma Changes in the transparency and size of lenses in rats were investigated following administration of monosodium- L -glutamate (MSG). MSG (5 mg/g b.w.) was injected subcutaneously on the 9th and 10th day after birth. Ophthalmoscopically, localized opacity was apparent...

...Mikio Sasoh; Ning Ma; Yukitaka Uji Aim: The present study investigates whether glutamate immunoreactivity (IR) in the cat outer retina, which is devoid of blood vessels, can be well preserved by perfusion fixation. Methods: Adult cats were perfused intracardially for 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min...

... into a robust model of glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Using a novel culture method of adult rat retina, preservation of the three-dimensional organotypic retinal cytoarchitecture was achieved, including survival of neurons in the ganglion cell layer and sprouting of nerve fibres of the axotomized retinal...

...Hiroshi Kuriyama; Mitsunori Waki; Masashi Nakagawa; Motoyuki Tsuda Protective effects of CV-3611, a free radical scavenger, on retinal ischemic injury in the rat and on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in a cell line were evaluated. Transient retinal ischemia was induced by raising intraocular...