... synthesis. Downregulation of potassium conductance disrupts transcellular potassium and water transport, resulting in neuronal hyperexcitability and edema. Protective effects of reactive Müller cells include upregulation of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-degrading ectoenzymes, which enhances...

...Ozgur Yalcinbayir; Oner Gelisken; Berkant Kaderli; Remzi Avci Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal and sub-Tenon (ST) posterior triamcinolone injection in the treatment of bilateral diabetic diffuse macular edema (DDME). Methods: 28 eyes of 14 diabetic patients with bilateral DDME were...

...M. Roy; W. Bartow; J. Ambrus; A. Fauci; B. Collier; J. Titus A 54-year-old woman with a history of bilateral central retinal vein occlusion, probably due to an inflammatory process, developed a hemispheric retinal vein occlusion with cystoid macular edema in her only seeing eye. Five months later...

..., and stereoscopic color fundus photography and fluorescein fundus angiography on a long-term follow-up. The various lesions which developed in the macular region included retinal edema, cystic retinal changes, serous retinal detachment, retinal pigment epithelial changes (initially acute focal and later...