Purpose: To evaluate the effects of intravitreal silicone oil (SO) on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). Methods: A total of 60 patients with unilateral pseudophakic macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were treated with a three-port pars plana vitrectomy and a 5,700-cSt SO endo-tamponade and subsequent SO removal. SFCT was measured before and 3 months after SO removal. The main outcome measure was the difference between the SFCT of operated eyes and the fellow eyes. Results: Before SO removal, the mean SFCT differences in group 1 (3–6 months’ duration of SO), group 2 (6–9 months’ duration of SO), and group 3 (9–18 months’ duration of SO) were –14.8, –25.5, and –62.1 µm, respectively (p = 0.002, r = 0.398). Three months after SO removal, the mean SFCT differences in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were –13.4, –23.3, and –59.0 µm, respectively (p = 0.002, r = 0.393). Conclusion: SFCT decreased significantly in eyes with long-term (≥6 months) intravitreal SO tamponade. Choroidal thinning did not improve after SO removal.

Keywords:
Silicone oil, Subfoveal choroidal thickness, Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
1.
Foulks G, Hatchell D, Proia A, Klintworth GK: Histopathology of silicone oil keratopathy in humans. Cornea 1991; 10: 29–37.
2.
Honavar S, Goyal M, Majji A, Sen PK, Naduvilath T, Dandona L: Glaucoma after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection for complicated retinal detachments. Ophthalmology 1999; 106: 169–177.
3.
Budde M, Cursiefen C, Holbach LM, Naumann GO: Silicone oil associated optic nerve degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2001; 131: 392–394.
4.
Wickham L, Asaria RH, Alexander R, Luthert P, Charteris DG: Immunopathology of intraocular silicone oil: enucleated eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91: 253–257.
5.
Hutton LW, Azen PS, Blumenkranz SM, Lai MY, McCuen BW, Han DP, Flynn HW Jr, Ramsay RC, Ryan SJ: The effects of silicone oil removal. Silicone study report 6. Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112: 778–785.
6.
Caramoy A, Droege KM, Kirchhof B, Fauser S: Retinal layers measurements in healthy eyes and in eyes receiving silicone oil-based. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:e292–e297.
7.
Christensen UC, la Cour M: Visual loss after use of intraocular silicone oil associated with thinning of inner retinal layers. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90: 733–737.
8.
Kubicka-Trzaska A, Kobylarz J, Romanowska-Dixon B: Macular microcirculation blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. Klin Oczna 2011; 113: 146–148.
9.
Akkoyun I, Yilmaz G: Choroidal thickness after pars plana vitrectomy in macula off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with PVR. J Retina Vitreus 2014; 22: 121–126.
10.
Kim M, Kim SS, Kwon HJ, Koh HJ, Lee SC: Association between choroidal thickness and ocular perfusion pressure in young, healthy subjects: enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 7710–7717.
11.
Akkoyun I, Yilmaz G: Choroidal thickness after scleral buckling surgery versus pars plana vitrectomy in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2014; 231: 1029–1033.
12.
Michalewska Z, Michalewski J, Adelman RA, Zawiślak E, Nawrocki J: Choroidal thickness measured with swept source optical coherence tomography before and after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Retina 2015; 35: 487–491.
13.
Odrobina D, Golebiewska J, Maroszynska I: Choroidal thickness changes after vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for proliferative vitreoretinopathy retinal detachment. Retina 2017; 37: 2124–2129.
14.
Nickla DL, Wallman J: The multifunctional choroid. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29: 144–168.
15.
Parver LM, Auker CR, Carpenter DO: The stabilizing effect of the choroidal circulation on the temperature environment of the macula. Retina 1982; 2: 117–120.
16.
Kur J, Newman EA, Chan-Ling T: Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina choroid in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012; 31: 377–406.
17.
Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozzoni MC: Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146: 496–500.
18.
Lee SW, Yu SY, Seo KH, Kim ES, Kwak HW: Diurnal variation in choroidal thickness in relation to sex, axial length, and baseline choroidal thickness in healthy Korean subjects. Retina 2014; 34: 385–393.
19.
Fong A, Li K, Wong D: Choroidal evaluation using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Retina 2011; 31: 502–509.
20.
Jonas JB, Forster TM, Steinmetz P, Schlichtenbrede FC, Harder BC: Choroidal thickness in age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2014; 34: 1149–1155.
21.
Sayman Muslubas I, Hocaoglu M, Ersoz MG, Arf S, Karacorlu M: Choroidal thickness in chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment before and after surgery, and comparison with acute cases. Int Ophthalmol 2017, Epub ahead of print.
22.
Kimura M, Nishimuta A, Yokogawa H, Okuda T, Higashide T, Saito Y, Sugiyama K: Subfoveal choroidal thickness change following segmental scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 154: 893–900.
23.
Sugawara R, Nagaoka T, Kitaya N, Fujio N, Takahashi J, Takahashi A, Yokota H, Yoshida A: Choroidal blood flow in the foveal region in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and scleral buckling procedures. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90: 1363–1365.
24.
Sayman Muslubas I, Karacorlu M, Hocaoglu M, Arf S, Uysal O: Subfoveal choroidal thickness changes after pars plana vitrectomy in recent onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Retina 2016; 36: 2371–2376.
25.
Stitt AW, Gardiner TA, Archer DB: Retinal and choroidal responses to panretinal photocoagulation: an ultrastructural perspective. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1995; 233: 699–705.
26.
Zhang Z, Meng X, Wu Z, Zou W, Zhang J, Zhu D, Chen T, Zhang Q: Changes in choroidal thickness after panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: a 12-week longitudinal study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56: 2631–2638.
27.
Winter M, Eberhardt W, Scholz C, Reichenbach A: Failure of potassium siphoning by Muller cells: a new hypothesis of perfluorocarbon liquid-induced retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 256–261.
28.
Grzybowski A, Pieczynski J, Ascaso FJ: Neuronal complications of intravitreal silicone oil: an updated review. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92: 201–204.
29.
Feng X, Ma Z: Treatment for suprachoroidal silicone oil migration following surgeries for open globe injuries. Can J Ophthalmol 2013; 48: 307–311.
30.
Michel G, Meyer L, Naoun O: Sudden visual loss following silicone oil removal: three patients treated for giant retinal tear. J Fr Ophtalmol 2009; 32: 104–111.
31.
Cazabon S, Groenewald C, Pearce IA, Wong D: Visual loss following removal of intraocular silicone oil. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 799–802.
© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel
2018
Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer
Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
You do not currently have access to this content.