In modern vitreoretinal surgery, a variety of long-lasting endotamponades is available. These endotamponades differ in physical and chemical properties and their usage is based on certain pathological and surgical considerations. With modern endotamponades the treatment and prognosis for some severe diseases of the posterior segment was improved. Besides these supportive features of new endotamponades, the surgeon has to keep in mind that certain steps, like a complete removal of the vitreous and of any traction, are crucial for the success of an operation and that the most supportive step for the retina is complete endotamponade. This review gives an overview of longlasting endotampoandes in vitreoretinal surgery and of the indications for their usage.

Keywords:
Vitreoretinal surgery, Silicone oil
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