...Yi-Ping Zhu; Xu-Dong Yao; Hai-Liang Zhang; Yi-Jun Shen; Dan Huang; Ding-Wei Ye Background: Penile metastases from primary bladder cancer are extremely rare. Case Report: The medical records of 8 patients who presented with metastatic penile carcinoma originating from bladder between 2002 and 2010...

...P. Jung; G. Jakse Muscle invasive, but still locally confined bladder cancer is treated by radical cystectomy in most of the patients. New forms of bladder substitution and operative techniques provide good quality of life; however, any kind of bladder substitution is suboptimal to a well...

... as in those with invasive tumors, but A3 had the same frequency as in the controls. Conclusions : The association of certain HLA antigens with bladder cancer and the different results for purely superficial and muscle-invasive tumors suggest that genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis and clinical...

.... At this time 10-20% will already have developed muscle-invasive tumors or metastatic disease. In contrast, the other 50-60% of patients will suffer recurrences of superficial bladder cancer without the development of muscle-invasive tumors. This observation indicates the existence of bladder cancer...