...James M. Nichols; Barbara L.F. Kaplan Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease that worsens with age. Here, we examined the influence of age on passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (P-EAE), a model to study MS, using young and mature adult 2D2...

... in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key factors involved in angiogenesis. Because of this importance, we investigated the serum levels of VEGF in MS patients according to their clinical phase and subtype of MS in this study. Material...

...) focusing on NDs (including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease [HD], multiple sclerosis [MS], and epilepsy) were reported. The meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in serum PRL levels between patients with NDs and healthy controls (SMD...

..., resulting in several neurological complications. It was previously assumed that some coronaviruses are involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology via various mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in coronavirus-induced central demyelination are complex and largely redundant. Molecular mimicry was proposed...

...Bo Chen; Meng-Cui Gui; Su-Qiong Ji; Yi Xie; Dai-Shi Tian; Bi-Tao Bu Objective: The immunological features between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), lacked systemic comparisons...

...Ahmed M.B. Khedr; Olfat Gamil Shaker; Amr Hassan; Mona Hussein; Yasmine S. Kamal; Taha Abdelraziq Azouz Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known to be a multifactorial disorder. Numerous observational studies have suggested the implication of multiple genetic and environmental factors...

... responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Astrocytes Curcumin Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Multiple sclerosis Huntington’s disease Neurodegenerative diseases...

... and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Integrin Migration T cells Multiple sclerosis Natalizumab A growing number of individuals diagnosed...

...Xiaofan Yuan; Lei Guo; Chuan Jiang; Xu Yang; Jie Huang Background: Despite the vitamin D treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), there continues to be controversial discrepancy in outcomes according to the current research. Many systematic reviews have evaluated the effect of vitamin D...

...Mansour Shajarian; Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul; Masoud Etemadifar Background: In recent investigations addressing neurodegenerative diseases, especially multiple sclerosis (MS), the roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been examined. Methods: Forty-five...

...Fatemeh Lotfi; Marjan Mansourian; Omid Mirmoayyeb; Soroush Najdaghi; Vahid Shaygannejad; Nafiseh Esmaeil The association between air pollution and multiple sclerosis (MS) is not entirely clear. This meta-analysis was aimed at determining the correlation between particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10...

.... This review summarizes and discusses the recent studies investigating the regulatory roles of the caspase-11 noncanonical inflammasome in neuroinflammation and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), which provides the insight for the validation of caspase-11 noncanonical inflammasome to develop novel...

...Mohammad Sadegh Hesamian; Nahid Eskandari Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable disease of the central nervous system. The cause of MS is not known completely, and pathology is specified by involved demyelinated areas in the white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Inflammation...

...Mohsen Ebrahimi Monfared; Shima Shapoori; Ghasem Mosayebi; Behzad Khansarinejad; Ali Ghazavi; Masoud Rezagholizamenjany; Ali Ganji Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease which involves the central nervous -system. Although the primary cause of MS is obscure...

...Iara Barreto Neves Oliveira; Rodrigo Saar Gomes; Larissa Fonseca Gomides; Jéssica Cristina dos Santos; Marcos Alexandre Diniz Carneiro; Fátima Ribeiro-Dias; Denise Sisterolli Diniz Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial chronic disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS...

...Baozhu Liu; Xiaonan Zhong; Zhengqi Lu; Wei Qiu; Xueqiang Hu; Honghao Wang Object: CD27 belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and is constitutively expressed on T cells. The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) soluble (s)CD27 is elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS...

... proinflammatory/immunoregulatory upstream mediators in the peripheral blood (PBL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: PBL and CSF were collected from healthy controls ( n = 35) and MS patients at the clinical onset of the disease ( n = 33). In addition, PBL samples were...

...Gholamreza Asadikaram; Saam Noroozi; Hossein Ali Ebrahimi Meimand; Mojgan Sanjari; Nahid Zainodini; Hossein Khoramdelazad; Nader Shahrokhi; Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi Objectives: Interferon-β 1a (IFN-β 1a) is a common strategy therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) with unknown mechanisms. S100A12...

...Rong Zhong; Junyan Liang; Ailin Tao; Linzhan Wu; Xinguang Yang; Huiming Xu; Qingmei Huang; Shunzhi Zhuang; Youming Long; Cong Gao Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of KIR4.1 antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in control groups using a cell-based...

...Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad; Soudeh Khanamani Falahati-pour; Gholamhossein Hassanshahi Both cellular and molecular components of the immune system are among the substantial factors involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Accumulating evidence confirms that chemokines, as the main...