... and behavior. We focus on recent work demonstrating stress-induced immune changes within the brain and highlight studies investigating stress effects on microglia. Lastly, we conclude with potential areas for future investigation concerning microglia heterogeneity, bone marrow niches, and sex differences. Key...

..., dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes, on day 1, followed by NK cells on day 3 and B cells on day 7 after PT. In the CNS, DMF significantly reduced the percentage of monocytes in the brain on day 3 after PT. In addition, DMF increased the number of microglia in the peri-infarct area and reduced...

...Yongxiang Yang; Yuqin Ye; Kexia Fan; Jianing Luo; Yongjian Yang; Yuan Ma Introduction: Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which has been mainly mediated by the microglia. MiR-124 was reported to play an important role in the polarization...

...Fatemeh Keshavarz; Marziyeh Soltani; Kobra Mokhtarian; Pezhman Beshkar; Jafar Majidi; Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi; Maryam Anjomshoa; Nader Bagheri Background: Schizophrenia is a disease of the nervous system, and immune system disorders can affect its pathogenesis. Activation of microglia...

... of the endocannabinoid system receptor (cannabinoid receptor type 1 [CB1]) was assessed in brain samples. Results: Experiments have shown that mTBI increases (1) the amount of microglia (iba-1) activated by the pro-inflammatory pathway (CD86); (2) the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1β and IL6; and (3) CB1R...

... of the BBB. Endothelial and pericytes cells in the cerebral microvasculature and neural cells, as astrocytes, neurons, and microglia, compose the NVU. The NVU can be disturbed by parasite metabolic products, such as heme and hemozoin, or cytokines that can promote activation of endothelial and glial cells...

...Sanjay S. Aripaka; Jens D. Mikkelsen Objective: The development of neuroinflammation shares numerous risk factors and involves many complex interactions which contribute to disease pathology. An important cell type in neuroinflammation is the active microglia cell – the resident immune cell...

... microglia were cultured and treated with antagomir NC or antagomir. Whole-cell electrophysiological recording was conducted to detect the spontaneous EPSCs and IPSCs in the neurons treated with different conditioned medium from those microglia. miR-155 were detected by qRT-PCR in those models, as well...

... advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Microglia Astrocyte Cytokine Autism...

... to in the content or advertisements. Microglia Neuroinflammation Spinal cord injury Traditional Chinese medicine Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological disorder that primarily affects young, healthy patients. In the United States, about 30 individuals per day sustain an SCI...

... or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Stress Microglia Astrocytes Sickness behavior Hippocampus Interleukin-1β Early life stress (ELS) is considered a risk factor for the development of psychopathologies...

...Vanessa Rodrigues Coelho; Cassiana Macagnan Viau; Renata Bartolomeu Staub; Marcele Silva De Souza; Pricila Pflüger; Gabriela Gregory Regner; Patrícia Pereira; Jenifer Saffi Objective: The present study evaluated the ability of rosmarinic acid (RA) to inhibit microglia activation induced...

..., accompanied by inhibition of glial activation and suppression of the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, in vivo studies demonstrated that LPS-induced activated microglia did not express AQP4, indicating the impossibility of direct regulation of AQP4 to activate microglia...

... to in the content or advertisements. Febrile status epilepticus Learning and memory Microglia Neuroinflammation Hydrogen sulfide Febrile status epilepticus (FSE) is the most common type of seizure, affecting 2-5% of children between the ages of 5 months and 5 years [ 1 ]. FSE is defined...

... infarct volume, and alleviate cerebral edema. Meanwhile, we showed that minocycline prevented the activation of microglias and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling after tMCAO injury. Furthermore, we found that the pretreatment of minocycline significantly inhibited signal 1 and signal 2 of NLRP3...

...-inflammatory effects in an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Methods: Primary microglia were harvested from the brains of 2-day-old Wistar rats and cultured with or without rAv17 (250 n M ). After 6 and 24 h the release of nitric oxide (Griess reagent) and TNF-α (ELISA...

...Rewa Verma; Jae Young Kim Objective: To explore the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], the active metabolite of vitamin D, on M1/M2 polarization of human microglia and the expression of Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) on these cells, which has been suggested to play an inhibitory...

...Yin Yin Ooi; S. Thameem Dheen; Samuel Sam Wah Tay Background/Aim: Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system, secrete various proinflammatory cytokines and undergo proliferation upon activation in various neurodegenerative diseases. Activation of microglia has been implicated...

.... Conclusions: These results suggested that LPS-induced TG2 was involved in the mechanism of pinocytosis and phagocytosis in microglia. [email protected] 17 04 2014 19 06 2014 3 10 2014 © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel 2014 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All...

... and production of inflammatory mediators. Methods: RNA interference was used to knockdown PSMD13 gene expression, followed by inhibitors of κB (IκBa) protein degradation and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activity measurement in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. Nitrite (Griess) assay, reporter gene...