... transferred to mice immunized against methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) 2 days before AIA was induced by injection of mBSA into one knee joint. In AIA control mice and iTH + -treated mice the severity of AIA, pain-related behavior, humoral and cellular responses, and the invasion of macrophages...

...Andrea Cecilia Parrado; Luciana Soledad Salaverry; Franco Mauricio Mangone; Carolina Eugenia Apicella; Teresa Gentile; Andrea Canellada; Estela Beatriz Rey-Roldán Objective: Dopamine is an immunomodulatory neurotransmitter. In the skin, keratinocytes and macrophages produce proinflammatory...

.... Food deprivation Social inequality Unstable social status Nitric oxide Apoptosis Macrophages Lymphocyte viability With the world population dramatically expanding, the gulf between rich and poor is becoming wider and wider. The financial gap between the wealthy and the impoverished...

... that monocytes (MOs) and macrophages (MPs) could be the target of anti-inflammatory actions of OT. Here, we present a series of ex vivo experiments in human MOs and MPs, testing whether OT attenuates the cytokine responses of these cells to a common bacterial product, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: MO...

... that the anti-inflammatory effect of ACh is mediated through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA7) expressed on the surface of primary human monocytes [ 10 ], while other nAChR subtypes such as CHRNB2 can affect cellular macrophage functions such as phagocytosis [ 8 ]. Besides the CHRNA7...

...Leticia Martín-Cordero; Juan José García; María Dolores Hinchado; Elena Bote; Rafael Manso; Eduardo Ortega Objectives: The first objective was to evaluate whether the metabolic syndrome (MS) involves deregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 release by non-infiltrated peritoneal macrophages, using obese...

... an accurate means for measuring steady-state expression of specific mRNA transcripts. Here we describe a competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique to accurately quantitate macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA, and demonstrate the utility...

... on the resolution of inflammation in tissue homeostasis, which includes the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages in a non-phlogistic way. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acute cold stress on the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Methods: Mice were submitted to acute cold...

... appears to be associated with embryo implantation but an excess of these cytokines may be deleterious. When normal gestation is subjected to stressful stimuli as those provided by a chronic inflammatory milieu, the activation profile of T cells and macrophages may be temporarily changed. Although much...

... isoform of nitric oxide synthase by calcium calmodulin kinase II and occurred prior to the appearance of detectable levels of cytokines in NOD glands. VIP acting on NOD macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide promoted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase induction as well...

... that catecholamines may be the first ‘danger signal’ to the immune system during exercise-induced stress. Adrenaline Noradrenaline Neutrophils Macrophages Chemotaxis Phagocytosis Microbicide activity Stress Exercise Neuroimmunomodulation 2007;14:206 212 DOI: 10.1159/000110648 Published online: December...

... was investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining of brain sections. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of cytokines and other proteins. Macrophage-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was estimated by immunoassays. Induction of apoptosis in brain and tumor cells...

... microscopic examination. Morphine and naloxone were administered subcutaneously and intraperitoneally, respectively. Leukocytes were counted by a hemocytometer, and ex vivo phagocytosis was determined by the examination of stained adherent macrophages. Results: Low doses of morphine, 1.75 and 2.5 mg/kg × 2...

... on alternate days. Ten days after inoculation, tumors were harvested and processed for immunocytochemical analysis of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) and nerve-like growth factor (NGF)/epidermal growth factor (EGF)-positive tumor cells. T and B lymphocyte, NK cell and macrophage percentages were calculated...

... production by macrophages and neutrophils was downregulated by the infection, and while at early intervals these cells possessed a residual oxidative capacity, by day 10, the production of this metabolite was blocked. Spontaneous NO production by macrophages was significantly increased in both Ca and Ca-S...

... of PD2 T. gondii tachyzoites, and the outcome of the infection was determined. In addition, peritoneal macrophages obtained from CS and non-stressed mice were infected in vitro with T. gondii . The number of infected macrophages, the number of intracellular parasites and the production of interferon (IFN...

... to resist infection. This resistance to infection is nonspecific, and extends to unrelated species of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. A key mechanism of the resistance to infection is activation of macrophages. Macrophage activation results in increased production of microbicidal oxygen radicals like...

... expression on the epithelial cells occurred in the former fetuses than in control ones. Changes in the pattern of expression of laminin, but not that of fibronectin, throughout thymic maturation also reflected accelerated maturation. Immunohistochemically identified thymic macrophages appeared late in both...

...Michael Mayne; Ana Christina Bratanich; Peiqin Chen; Farazana Rana; Avindra Nath; Christopher Power Activation and infection by HIV-1 of glial cells and infiltrating macrophages are cardinal features of AIDS-related neurological disease. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is released by these cell...