..., the statutes obliged physicians to research, which focused on the great baby killers of the 18th century: smallpox, puerperal sepsis, connatal syphilis, tuberculosis, and malformations. Researchers included Anton Rechberger, Lucas Boër, Ignaz Semmelweis, Carl Rokitansky, Alois Bednar, and Carl Friedinger...

... in the big cities. A major topic was their fight against smallpox, then fatal for 80% if infected infants, and the development of an effective technique of inoculation. Key Messages: Research at the London Foundling Hospital differed from modern understanding of controlled clinical trials but revealed...