... or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Brain injury Impairment Insulin Magnetic resonance imaging...

... Insulin Preterm infant Prognosis Neurodevelopment Metabolic Neonatal intensive care unit National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10.13039/100000002 Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants defined as infants born with a birth weight <1,500 g, frequently develop hyperglycemia soon...

... of the metabolic syndrome is still under investigation. Objectives: To evaluate body composition changes in late preterm infants during the first 3 months and to investigate their insulin sensitivity and resistance. Methods: We conducted an observational, longitudinal study. A total of 216 late preterm infants...

... 34 weeks of gestation, were retrospectively reviewed. Hyperinsulinism was diagnosed as hypoglycemia concomitant with high serum insulin in babies requiring >6 mg/kg/min intravenous glucose and THI as hyperinsulinism without maternal diabetes or genetic disorders. The following three possible risk...

...Jane M. Alsweiler; Jane E. Harding; Frank H. Bloomfield Background: Hyperglycaemic preterm babies suffer increased mortality and morbidity, but it is not known if these associations are causal or if treatment with insulin improves outcome. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of neonatal...

... frequently than in older children reported previously. Potential differences in glucose and insulin metabolism in term neonates appear to justify additional safety approaches, while awaiting further studies assessing the benefits of tight glucose protocols in this population. Meanwhile, we have decreased...

... this has not been studied for the brain. Objective: We utilized a mixed amino acid infusate and an insulin euglycemic clamp technique in the ovine fetus near term, with increases and decreases in circulating amino acid levels of ∼30 to 40% on average, and determined the impact on cerebral protein synthesis...

...G. Mello; E. Parretti; F. Mecacci; C. Carbone; R. Lucchetti; C. Lagazio; M. Pratesi; G. Scarselli We compared the effects of two treatment strategies (diet alone versus a combination of insulin and diet) on neonatal anthropometric measurements and the outcome of a full-term white infant sample born...

...Michael H. LeBlanc; Xiao-Bing Qian; Zheng Wei Cai Glucose worsens hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in 0- to 3-day-old piglets. Piglets were randomly assigned to have blood glucose increased with glucose infusion (n = 12), or decreased with insulin (n = 13), or a sham group (n = 10). In the insulin...

... simultaneously. Concentrations of the pancreatic hormones, insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were similar in fetal and maternal blood. Gastrin and motilin were present in the fetal circulation but at about 30% (p < 0.05) and 60% (p < 0.01) of the maternal levels, respectively. In contrast...

...David G. Chaffin; Richard M. Clark; David McCracken; Anthony F. Philipps Insulin is an important regulatory hormone in the control of fetal growth. In a fetal rabbit model, a non-ruminant species, the effects of insulin deprivation on glucose, growth and protein metabolism were studied. The fetuses...

.... However, the insulin concentration was elevated in the obese women (199 ± 57 pmol/l) as compared with the lean women (128 ± 68 pmol/l, p < 0.01). At birth, maternal adiposity (% body fat) was significantly associated with infant adiposity (r = 0.37, p < 0.05). However, by 6 weeks post partum...

... (placental leucine aminopeptidase; EC3.4.11.3) by measuring the released amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. We also studied the degradation of other brain-gut hormones, such as glucagon, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing factor, and insulin, in the human placenta and found...

...Csongor S. Ábrahám; Péter Temesvári; József Kovács; Károly Schultz; Dénes Molnár Insulin (I) plays a crucial role in the maturation of the perinatal brain, and it may also be involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injuries. The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of neonatal...

...Raymond E. Sicard; Lloyd Feit; John C. Werner Plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) levels are markedly altered in diabetic rodents suggesting that insulin might be a modulator of ANF release. Effects of insulin (25 mU/ml) on basal (nonstimulated) immunoreactive (ir)-ANF release by isolated...

...Ivan A. Shibley, Jr.; Sam N. Pennington The pathways regulating ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the chick embryo were studied to determine which kinase-signaling pathways regulate ODC activity levels during development. Insulin-dependent tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C and cAMP...

...Daniel Ménard; Pierre Dagenais The influence of insulin on the postnatal development of DNA synthesis and epithelial and muscular cell proliferation has been studied in suckling mice. Daily administration of insulin (12.5 mU/g body weight) during 3 days to 8-day-old mice induced a significant...

... in plasma insulin and the resulting increase in liver cAMP which occur immediately after birth are the factors which induce the activation of liver PEPCK gene transcription. The appearance of ketogenesis is also controlled by the changes of plasma insulin and glucagon that increase the capacity for liver...

...P. Hahn; M. Taller; L. Srubiski; L. Kirby We studied the effect of different hormones added in vivo or in vitro on ketogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity in the small intestinal mucosa of suckling rats. Injection of insulin or dexamethasone in vivo or of an antiglucagon...

... constant at adult levels, while plasma triglycerides and insulin content remained stable at substantially lower levels. Insulin, whether administered in vivo or during perfusion, increased myocardial glucose utilization [GU] and lactate production [LP]. Stimulation of GU and LP by insulin exposure in vivo...