... infants. Philipp Doepp [ 30 ], physician at the St. Petersburg foundling hospital, described a scurvy epidemic claiming 26 children in the spring of 1831. In Berlin in 1902, Neumann [ 31 ] reported 27 cases of Barlow's disease occurring after 7 months of artificial feeding. He assumed...

...Michael Obladen Artificial feeding of infants, called hand-feeding, was unsafe well into the 19th century. This paper aims to identify technical innovations which made artificial feeding less dangerous. In rapid succession from 1844 to 1886, the vulcanization of rubber, production of rubber teats...

... resulting from boiling cereal in water or milk, and panada, a preparation of various cereals or bread cooked in broth. During the 18th century, the published opinion on artificial feeding evolved from health concerns to a moral ideology. This view ignored the social and economic pressures which forced many...