... to metabolic signals such as leptin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In addition to the well-known proopiomelanocortin (POMC)- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons, subpopulations of GABAergic neurons are emerging as key regulators of energy balance. However, the precise identity...

.... Methods: We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization to measure Pomc and Agrp gene co-expression in POMC or AGRP neurons in response to (1) acute or chronic calorie restriction, or (2) obesity due to loss of leptin...

...Eglantine Balland; Weiyi Chen; Tony Tiganis; Michael A. Cowley Background: Obesity is associated with reduced physiological responses to leptin and insulin, leading to the concept of obesity-associated hormonal resistance. Objectives: Here, we demonstrate that contrary to expectations, leptin...

... male mice following a 24-h fast. HFD increased circulating insulin, leptin, and cholesterol levels, decreased triglycerides, and caused impaired responses to the insulin and glucose tolerance tests. In Il6 ΔGfap mice, the only significant difference observed was an increase in insulin levels of females...

..., glucocorticoid, and leptin signaling, expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, and antioxidative and inflammatory statuses in the whole hypothalamus of fructose-fed female rats exposed to unpredictable stress for 9 weeks were analyzed using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Results: Chronic...

...Matthew L. Romo; C. Mary Schooling Background: Observational evidence regarding the role of leptin in Alzheimer disease (AD) is conflicting. We sought to determine the causal role of circulating leptin and soluble plasma leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels in AD using a separate-sample Mendelian...

... after 10 weeks of energy deficit and after 10 further weeks of nutritional recovery. To do so, we assessed the mRNA levels of the leptin receptor and the main orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides, and their receptors regulated by leptin. Markers of hypothalamic inflammation were assessed as leptin can...

...Brent S. Abel; Ranganath Muniyappa; Pamela Stratton; Monica C. Skarulis; Phillip Gorden; Rebecca J. Brown Background: Leptin replacement in patients with leptin gene mutations improves hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The effects of leptin replacement on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in patients...

... investigated whether peripheral leptin levels are associated with current depressive episodes in a cross-sectional study nested within a population-based study. Methods: The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 5.0 was used to assess the presence of current depressive episodes. The sample...

... performed double-label in situ hybridization for metabolic genes in Rfrp neurons of mice. While Rfrp neurons did not readily coexpress neuropeptide Y, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, or MC4R, a small subset of Rfrp neurons did express the leptin receptor in both sexes. Surprisingly, we identified no changes...

...Abhiram Sahu Leptin is secreted primarily by fat cells and acts centrally, particularly in the hypothalamus, to reduce food intake and body weight. Besides the classical JAK2 (Janus kinase-2)-STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) pathway, several non-STAT3 pathways play...

...Robert J. Denver; Ronald M. Bonett; Graham C. Boorse Leptin, the protein product of the obese (ob or Lep) gene, is a hormone synthesized by adipocytes that signals available energy reserves to the brain, and thereby influences development, growth, metabolism and reproduction. In mammals, leptin...

..., quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Cortisol Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Leptin Luteinizing hormone...

... in AN, the pathophysiology underlying impaired bone metabolism, and possible therapeutic strategies to optimize bone health. Anorexia nervosa Growth hormone Cortisol Gonadal steroids Ghrelin Leptin Peptide YY Adiponectin Bone density Bone turnover markers Bone microarchitecture National Institutes...

... fat) or a control (10% calories from fat) diet and were sacrificed on the individual day of puberty onset (between P35 and P42) under basal conditions or 4 h after swimming stress. Plasma insulin, leptin and corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and the respective receptors...

...Kimberly P. Kinzig; Mary Ann Honors; Sara L. Hargrave; Brandon M. Davenport; April D. Strader; Donna Wendt Background: Rats maintained on a ketogenic diet (KD; 80% fat, 15% protein, 5% carbohydrate) have increased adiposity and leptin as compared to chow-fed controls (CH; 16% fat, 19% protein, 65...

...Aleksandra Glavaski-Joksimovic; Eric W. Rowe; Ksenija Jeftinija; Colin G. Scanes; Lloyd L. Anderson; Srdija Jeftinija Leptin, the product of the obese gene, is a protein that is secreted primarily from adipocytes. Leptin can influence the function of the pituitary gland through its action...

...Mario Perello; Daniel Castrogiovanni; Andrés Giovambattista; Rolf C. Gaillard; Eduardo Spinedi Background/Aim: We have reported that neonatal treatment with monosodium L -glutamate (MSG), which causes damage to the arcuate nucleus, leads to severe hyperleptinemia and reduced adrenal leptin receptor...

... food restriction increases D2R binding in genetically obese rats. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the antiobesity and metabolic effects of BC are related to changes in midbrain DA and D2R activity by measuring D2R and DA transporter (DAT) binding in a genetic (leptin-receptor-deficient...

... hormone (GnRH). A link between nutrition and reproductive function is well established. In this study we investigated the effects of two peptides associated with appetite control, galanin and leptin, on the regulation of LH release from the pituitary. Methods: Using perifused anterior pituitary tissue...