...: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is hypogonadism due to either hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction. While gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) can directly test pituitary function, no specific test of hypothalamic function exists. Kisspeptin-54 (KP54) is a neuropeptide that directly stimulates hypothalamic...

...Doyeon Kim; Sangwon Jang; Jeongah Kim; Inah Park; Kyojin Ku; Mijung Choi; Sukwon Lee; Won Do Heo; Gi Hoon Son; Han Kyoung Choe; Kyungjin Kim Introduction: Synchronous and pulsatile neural activation of kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARN) are important components of the gonadotropin...

... the hormonal milieu needed for follicular development and maturation of eggs, but cycles, in and of themselves, do not guarantee ovulation will occur. Here, we review the roles in female reproductive neuroendocrine function of two hypothalamic populations that produce the neuropeptide kisspeptin, demonstrating...

... to and following the administration of chronic corticosterone or cholesterol in ovariectomized (OVX) mice treated with or without estradiol, as well as assess changes in arcuate kisspeptin (Kiss1) neuronal activation, as determined by co-expression with c-Fos. Results: In OVX mice, a chronic 48 h elevation...

...Erik Hrabovszky; Szabolcs Takács; Balázs Göcz; Katalin Skrapits The human infundibular nucleus (corresponding to the rodent arcuate nucleus) serves as an important integration center for neuronal signals and hormones released by peripheral endocrine organs. Kisspeptin (KP)-producing neurons...

... cyclicity. Individually, kisspeptin and nitric oxide (NO) influence GnRH secretion. However, it is possible these 2 neuronal intermediates interact with one another to affect reproductive cyclicity. Methods: We investigated the neuroanatomical relationship of one isoform of the enzyme that synthesizes...

...Alexander N. Comninos; Waljit S. Dhillo The emergence of kisspeptin as a crucial regulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis over the last 14 years has answered many questions as to the control of reproductive hormone secretion from the hypothalamus. More recently, the role...

...Karolina Skorupskaite; Jyothis T. George; Johannes D. Veldhuis; Robert P. Millar; Richard A. Anderson Objectives: Neurokinin B (NKB) and kisspeptin are obligate for normal gonadotropin secretion, and links between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility and vasomotor symptoms have been...

...Yayoi Ikeda; Ayako Tagami; Munekazu Komada; Mifumi Takahashi Background: Kisspeptins are important regulators of the development and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, the importance of kisspeptin at the pituitary level is unclear. Methods: We examined the expression...

..., prenatally androgen-treated (PNA) female, vesicular GABA transporter (VGaT)-ires-Cre/tdTomato reporter mice. Immunofluorescence for kisspeptin, β-endorphin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was detected by confocal microscopy, and co-localization...

...Marcela Vargas Trujillo; Bruna Kalil; Suresh Ramaswamy; Tony M. Plant The aim of this immunohistochemical study was to evaluate the distribution of kisspeptin neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of gonadally intact adult male and female rhesus monkeys, and to determine whether imposition...

...Bruna Kalil; Suresh Ramaswamy; Tony M. Plant Substance P (SP) was recently reported to be expressed in human kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) neurons and to enhance KNDy neuron excitability in the mouse hypothalamus. We therefore examined (1) interactions of SP and kisspeptin...

...Rafael Pineda; Fabrice Plaisier; Robert P. Millar; Mike Ludwig Kisspeptins and their receptors are potent regulators of the gonadotropic axis. Kisspeptin neurons are found mainly in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. However, there is also a third...

...Yoshihisa Uenoyama; Junko Tomikawa; Naoko Inoue; Teppei Goto; Shiori Minabe; Nahoko Ieda; Sho Nakamura; Youki Watanabe; Kana Ikegami; Fuko Matsuda; Satoshi Ohkura; Kei-ichiro Maeda; Hiroko Tsukamura After the discovery of hypothalamic kisspeptin encoded by the Kiss1 gene, the central mechanism...

...-regulated transcripts, galanin-like peptide, dynorphin, kisspeptin, proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin and galanin and a reduced expression of mRNAs for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P, agouti-related protein, neurotensin...

.... Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Luteinizing hormone Kisspeptin Neurokinin B Pulse generator National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10.13039/100000002 A central neuronal component to the control of anterior pituitary function for the regulation of reproduction was appreciated long before...

...Julia K. Prague; Waljit S. Dhillo Over the last 10 years, kisspeptins - peptide products of varying lengths encoded by the KISS1 gene - have been found to be key regulators of normal reproductive function throughout life in animals and humans. By activating the kisspeptin receptor [previously known...

...Tomaz Büdefeld; Stuart A. Tobet; Gregor Majdic Kisspeptin, a regulator of reproductive function and puberty in mammals, is expressed in the rostral (anteroventral) periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (Arc), and its expression is at least partially regulated by estradiol in rodents...

...Robert P. Millar; Andy V. Babwah Kisspeptin (KP) is now well recognized as a potent stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and thereby a major regulator of the neuroendocrine-reproductive axis. KP signals via KISS1R, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that activates the G...

...Shel-Hwa Yeo; Jenny Clarkson; Allan E. Herbison Kisspeptin-Gpr54 signaling is critical for regulating the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in mammals. Previous studies have shown that the negative feedback mechanism is disrupted in global Gpr54 -null mutants. The present...