..., where it acts as an incretin, and centrally, where the 26RFa/GPR103 system relays insulin signaling in the brain to control glucose metabolism. Key Messages: This review gives a comprehensive overview of the role of the 26RFa/GPR103 system as a key player in the control of energy and glucose metabolism...

... pairing of an appetitive stimulus with a heat stressor results in a learned taste-specific negative hedonic shift. D5 snails were injected with bovine insulin and D1 snails with the insulin receptor antibody (Ab). As a control group, AL snails were injected with saline. Gene expression analyses were...

... of 26RFa (3 µg) or a chronic i.c.v. administration of the peptide during 28 days via osmotic minipumps (25 µg/day). i.p. and oral glucose (GLU) tolerance tests, insulin (INS) tolerance test, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), food/water intake, horizontal/vertical activity, energy expenditure...

...Younis Ahmad Hajam; Seema Rai; Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Gregory M. Brown; Russel J. Reiter; Daniel P. Cardinali Introduction: The present study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin and insulin coadministration in diabetes-induced renal injury in rats. Research...

... such as adipose tissue contribute to the physiological development of obesity, emerging work aims to understand the role of the central nervous system to whole-body energy homeostasis and development of weight gain and obesity. The present review discusses the impact of insulin, insulin resistance, free fatty...

... male mice following a 24-h fast. HFD increased circulating insulin, leptin, and cholesterol levels, decreased triglycerides, and caused impaired responses to the insulin and glucose tolerance tests. In Il6 ΔGfap mice, the only significant difference observed was an increase in insulin levels of females...

...Sanja Kovačević; Jelena Nestorov; Gordana Matić; Ivana Elaković Background: Increased fructose consumption and chronic exposure to stress have been associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. In the hypothalamus, a crossroad of stress responses and energy balance, insulin...

...Maitrayee Sahu; Prashanth Anamthathmakula; Abhiram Sahu Background: Insulin action in the hypothalamus plays a critical role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, yet the intracellular signaling mechanisms mediating insulin action are incompletely understood. Although phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B...

... stroke. In the present study, we hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may decrease hypoglycemia-induced neuronal death through the prevention of superoxide generation. To test our hypothesis, hypoglycemia was induced by injecting human insulin (10 U/kg, i.p.) in rats. Melatonin injection was started...

... morphology culminating in early reproductive failure. Prenatal testosterone treatment also leads to fetal growth retardation, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Mounting evidence suggests that developmental exposure to an improper steroidal/metabolic environment may mediate the programming of adult...

... circuits may override the homeostatic system and also contribute to the enormous increase of obesity. However, little is known about the influence of hormonal signals on the brain's non-homeostatic system. Thus, selective insulin action in the brain was investigated by using intranasal application. Methods...

...Suvi T. Ruohonen; Saku Ruohonen; Ralf Gilsbach; Eriika Savontaus; Mika Scheinin; Lutz Hein Background and Aims: Insulin secretion is controlled by pancreatic α 2A -adrenoceptors. Mice lacking α 2A -adrenoceptors (α 2A AR –/– mice) show hyperinsulinaemia, reduced blood glucose levels and improved...

... on the hypothalamic expression of orexins reveals the complex D2R regulation of food intake. Finally, pancreatic D2Rs inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin release. Lack of dopaminergic inhibition throughout development in the Drd2 –/– mouse may exert a gradual deteriorating effect on insulin homeostasis, so...

... fat) or a control (10% calories from fat) diet and were sacrificed on the individual day of puberty onset (between P35 and P42) under basal conditions or 4 h after swimming stress. Plasma insulin, leptin and corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay and the respective receptors...

... luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. This study was undertaken to further evaluate the role of insulin to modulate LH secretion in lean PCOS patients with normal insulin sensitivity and normal volunteers. Methods: The study was performed in five nonobese patients diagnosed with PCOS on the basis of amenorrhea...

... in primary hippocampal neurons cultured in Neurobasal + B27 medium. Insulin prevents neuronal cell death induced in a concentration dependent manner. The neuroprotective effect of insulin was reversed by LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3 kinase) inhibitor, whereas the mitogen-activated protein...

...Beatriz R. Olson; Denise C. Scott; William C. Wetsel; Sharon J. Elliot; Melanija Tomic; Stanko Stojilkovic; Lynnette K. Nieman; Susan Wray Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) participate in energy metabolism, regulate cellular growth and differentiation, and are thought to act locally...

... min) after drug administration and assayed for insulin, glucagon and glucose levels. The 5-HTIA receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced a statistically significant decrease in plasma insulin levels and an increase in glucose, whereas glucagon levels were unaffected. The only effect observed after...

...Eva Björkstrand; Maud Eriksson; Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg The aim of the present study was to investigate how oxytocin given subcutaneously (SC) and intracerebroventricularly (ICV) influences the secretion of insulin, glucagon and glucose and to investigate whether the effect on these variables...

... control values at 20 min after i.e.v. NPY injection, but this difference was not statistically significant. Although peripheral NPY inhibits insulin secretion, these elevated plasma NPY concentrations occurred too late to explain the lack of effect of i.c.v. NPY on substrate-induced insulin secretion...