... sex differences. One factor thought to influence cue-induced seeking behavior following withdrawal is cocaine-induced changes in the spontaneous activity of pyramidal neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, the mechanisms underlying these changes, including potential sex or estrous cycle...

... the estrous cycle. Methods: Receptor concentrations were measured using an in vitro autoradiographic technique designed to separately quantify free, unoccupied receptors and receptors ‘occupied' by (bound to) endogenous hormone. Results: ERα occupation increased at proestrus and declined at estrus, reflecting...

..., being absent in males. Furthermore, the magnitude of the enhancement of spinal EM2 release in females was dependent upon estrous cycle stage, suggesting a relationship with circulating levels of 17β-estradiol. The rapid onset of enhanced EM2 release following intrathecal application of ERα/GPR30...

... and immunohistochemistry, we examined NKB expression in kisspeptin neurons during the ovine estrous cycle. We infused kisspeptin, senktide (an NK3R agonist), or dynorphin into the lateral ventricle during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle to determine effects on pulsatile LH secretion. Finally, we examined the effect...

.... Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron Astrocyte Tanycyte Preoptic area Median eminence Puberty Estrous cycle Reproductive function is centrally controlled by a group of specialized neurosecretory neurons that produce the neuropeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). These neurons, which...

...), and then vaginal opening and vaginal smears were examined. On day 60, their ovaries were removed and lordosis behavior was observed after subcutaneous implantation of a silicon tube containing E 2 . As a result, in most PPT and all E 2 rats, vaginal opening was advanced and an irregular estrous cycle was observed...

... Estrogens Estrogen receptors Estrous cycle Pituitary Prolactin Lactotropes Growth hormone Estrogens regulate gene expression and influence crucial physiological events in target tissues. They are also essential for reproductive functions in the female, stimulating secretion of gonadotropins...

... of anterior pituitary cells. NOS activity was higher in anterior pituitary cells from rats in proestrus than in diestrus and was stimulated by 17β-estradiol (10 –9 M , E2). TNF-α (50 ng/ml) stimulated NOS activity in anterior pituitary cells from rats at both stages of the estrous cycle and in cells from OVX...

... participating in anterior pituitary homeostasis during the estrous cycle. The balance of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family is known to regulate cell survival and apoptosis. Aims: In order to understand the mechanisms underlying apoptosis during the estrous cycle, we evaluated the expression...

... 2 10 ]LH-RH ethylamide, which does not cross-react with the LH-RH antiserum, were used. In control animals, the pituitary response to 400 ng of LH-RH varied during the estrous cycle, the greatest responses being on the days of proestrus (P) and estrus (E) and the lowest on diestrus 1 (DI...

... study revealed that GnRH pulse generator activity changes dramatically during the estrous cycle in the goat, and it is suggested that GnRH pulse generator activity becomes fully potentiated following luteolysis to induce the final follicular development and to stimulate estradiol secretion, which...

... pituitary, whereas the female rat pituitary exhibited two ER mRNA forms of 6.2 and 5.5 kb, respectively. The 6.2-kb mRNA was present throughout the different stages of the estrous cycle, while the 5.5-kb mRNA appeared to be restricted to proestrus, suggesting an acute regulation of ER transcription...

... (PVN), arcuate nucleus/median eminence, central nucleus of the amygdala, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema and ventrolateral medulla. Interestingly, the intensity of expression of c- fos mRNA depended on the phase of the estrous cycle and/or the time of the day. Indeed...

... acts, we have studied the effect of treatment (8 days) of leptin antiserum (5 µl daily; i.c.v.) on LH pulsatility and estrous cycle in adult female rats. The administration of leptin antiserum led to a marked decrease in LH pulsatility as assessed by the area under the curve (13.5 ± 4.7 ng/ml...

... changes in reaction product within specific elements of LHRH neurons in precise regions of the median eminence. Gonadotropins Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Estrous cycle Rhythms Aging 12 08 1994 22 02 1995 9 4 2008 © 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel 1995 Copyright / Drug Dosage...

... of 17 µl/min. Secretion peaks were observed in the pattern of SS release, whatever the stage of the estrous cycle. The mean amplitude of SS peaks was similar throughout the cycle: 11.7 ± 4.0, 8.6 ± 1.5 and 10.5 ± 1.3 pg at proestrus, estrus and diestrus, respectively, and it was affected neither...

.... Excitatory amino acids Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Gonadal steroids Gonadotropins Estrous cycle Preoptic area 23 01 1995 15 06 1995 9 4 2008 © 1995 S. Karger AG, Basel 1995 Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication...

... uridyltransferase (GALT). To assess the role of this enzyme in the synthesis of FSH, the expression of GALT at the mRNA and protein levels was measured in the whole anterior pituitary during the estrous cycle of rat. GALT was maximally expressed during the proestrous and estrous phases of the estrous cycle...

... was doubled in the ovariectomized group compared to all other groups. In contrast, few SP neurons were identified in the rat arcuate nucleus and no changes were detected during the estrous cycle or in response to ovariectomy. However, the mean cell area of SP neurons was decreased in the estradiol valerate...

...Yue Zhou; Paul J. Shughrue; Daniel M. Dorsa A previous in situ hybridization study in our laboratory has shown that the level of estrogen receptor mRNA in the preoptic area of the brain varied during the rat estrous cycle and differed between the sexes. While these observations suggest...