... brain regions, including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. Results: Exposure to 17-OHPC suppressed CLDN1 expression via epigenetic modifications and VDR dissociation from the CLDN1 promoter. Furthermore, 17-OHPC intensified oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. VDR knockdown...

... to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. DNA methyltransferase Translocation enzyme Ventromedial hypothalamus Esr1 Epigenetics National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10.13039/100000002...

... is known to have a strong genetic component, during the last several years, epigenetics has been implicated as a significant regulatory mechanism through which GnRH release is first repressed before puberty and is involved later on during the increase in GnRH secretion that brings about the pubertal...

...Richard S. Lee; Akira Sawa In this review, we provide a brief summary of several key studies that broaden our understanding of stress and its epigenetic control of the function and behavior of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Clinical and animal studies suggest a link among exposure...

... of the assessments (0 = parents did not smoke, 1 = at least one parent smoked until the offspring's age of 15 years). Cigarette smoke Depression Energy metabolism Epigenetics Ghrelin Intrauterine exposure Nicotine The gut-derived peptide hormone ghrelin stimulates appetite by providing signals...

... puberty are only beginning to be understood. Both genetic and environmental factors determine the timing of puberty. New advances in understanding how environmentally sensitive, yet highly heritable developmental processes are regulated have come from the field of epigenetics. Of note, studies...

... are still largely unknown. Epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications serve as an interface for environmental stimuli to exert control over the genome. These modifications have the capacity to activate or repress gene expression, thereby shaping the developmental outcomes...

... in the retained allele have not yet been described [ 5 ]. More recently, some authors have suggested a revision of Knudsen’s two-hit hypothesis to encompass methylation-mediated or -associated gene silencing. Methylation, an epigenetic change, is accompanied by histone modification and chromatin changes...