... proposed as the cause of renal dysfunction in COVID-19. Subject of Review: Kidney organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent cells can be reproducibly infected by SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and used to study therapeutics. However, kidney biopsy studies of COVID-19 patients with renal...

...Benjamin S. Freedman Context: Human kidney organoids are complex structures resembling nephron arrays, which can be derived in a variety of ways. Whether all of these differentiation protocols produce qualitatively similar organoid cell types is not yet clear. Subject of Review: A comparative...

...Christodoulos Xinaris; Valerio Brizi; Giuseppe Remuzzi Recent technical advances in the stem cell field have enabled the in vitro generation of complex structures resembling whole organs termed organoids. Most of these approaches employ three-dimensional (3D) culture systems that allow stem cell...