...Ying Li; Alice Saul; Bruce Taylor; Anne-Louise Ponsonby; Steve Simpson-Yap; Leigh Blizzard; Simon Broadley; Jeannette Lechner-Scott; Ingrid van der Mei; on behalf of the Ausimmune/AusLong Investigator Group Background: Sun exposure has consistently been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) onset...

...Elham Bazmi; Amir Hossein Behnoush; Moahmmad Taghi Talebian; Arya Afrooghe; Mohammad Ali Sahraian Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), as an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, has a significant burden among people worldwide. Tobacco smoking is one of the most prevalent habits...

...Yeon Hak Chung; Kyung-Do Han; Jin Hyung Jung; Soonwook Kwon; Eun Bin Cho; Junhee Park; Dong Wook Shin; Ju-Hong Min Introduction: Although the relationship between migraine and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported, the risk of migraine in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD...

...Elisabeth Framke; Poul Jørgen Jennum; Lau Caspar Thygesen; Melinda Magyari Introduction: Adverse sleep is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Population-based studies including adequate control groups are lacking. We hypothesized that the prevalence of sleep disorders and other sleep disturbances...

...Valeria Rocha; Noelia Sorondo; Fabián Gómez; Lucía Castro; Daniel Ontaneda; Carlos Ketzoian Background: The worldwide incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is estimated at 0.5–10 cases per 100,000 person-years and is probably increasing. In 2014, a previous study estimated the incidence of multiple...

...Emeka C. Uzochukwu; Katharine E. Harding; James Hrastelj; Karim L. Kreft; Peter Holmans; Neil P. Robertson; Emma C. Tallantyre; Michael Lawton Objectives: The objective of this study was to model multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression and compare disease trajectories by sex, age of onset...

...Inês Correia; Carolina Cunha; Catarina Bernardes; Carla Nunes; Carmo Macário; Lívia Sousa; Sónia Batista Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system in young adults, representing the leading cause...

... Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurologic autoimmune disorder. We have used a newly introduced measure, Quality of Care Index (QCI), which is associated with the efficacy of care given to patients suffering from MS. Objectives: The aims of the study were to report and compare the quality...

...Anja Holz; Maya Riefflin; Christoph Heesen; Karin Riemann-Lorenz; Nadia Obi; Heiko Becher Introduction: The causes of multiple sclerosis (MS) are not fully understood, yet. Genetic predisposition, environmental and lifestyle factors as well as an interplay thereof constitute relevant factors...

...Nuha M. Alkhawajah; Salman Aljarallah; Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb; Mohammad Osama Almohaini; Taim A. Muayqil Introduction: There are a number of well-established risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Other factors, however, showed conflicting or inconsistent results. Here, we examine some factors...

...; on behalf of AS_MS_Risk Group Introduction: Known risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) include smoking, a low vitamin D status, obesity, and EBV, while the inflammatory feature of the disease strongly suggests the presence of additional infectious agents. The association between use of antibiotics...

...Roberto Gnavi; Roberta Picariello; Paolo Emilio Alboini; Paola Cavalla; Maria Federica Grasso; Paola Richiardi; Antonio Bertolotto; Nadia Barizzone; Roberto Cantello; Maurizio Angelo Leone; Sandra D’Alfonso; Natalia Golini Introduction: Italy is considered a high-risk country for multiple sclerosis...

...Louis Jacob; Christian Tanislav; Karel Kostev Background: There is a lack of large studies on urinary (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) following multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis. Thus, our goal was to investigate the association between MS and the incidence of UI and FI in patients followed up...

...Lazaros Belbasis; Vanesa Bellou; Ioanna Tzoulaki; Evangelos Evangelou Background: Although several risk factors are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) in adulthood, evidence for risk factors acting from birth to adolescence is scarce. Methods: We conceived a 2-step study design, where signals...

...Saeed Akhtar; Jarrah Al-Abkal; Raed Alroughani Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with unknown precise etiology. Temporally, a tendency for increasing MS incidence has been recorded worldwide...

...Dalia Rotstein; Colleen Maxwell; Karen Tu; Susan E. Schultz; Kinwah Fung; Ruth Ann Marrie Introduction: Little is known about how mortality in multiple sclerosis (MS) may differ based on sociodemographic factors, such as immigrant status. We compared mortality in immigrants versus long-term...

...Stephen L. Buka; Mitch T. Wallin; William J. Culpepper; Younga H. Lee; Ruth Ann Marrie; Lorene M. Nelson; Wendy E. Kaye; Laurie Wagner; Helen Tremlett; Jon Campbell; Nicholas LaRocca Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic neurologic disease of young adults, placing a heavy...

...Yinshan Zhao; José M.A. Wijnands; Tanja Högg; Elaine Kingwell; Feng Zhu; Charity Evans; John D. Fisk; Ruth Ann Marrie; Helen Tremlett Background: There is growing evidence of a prodromal period in multiple sclerosis (MS). A better understanding of the prodrome may facilitate prompt recognition...

...Elaine Kingwell; Feng Zhu; Charity Evans; Thomas Duggan; Joel Oger; Helen Tremlett Background: Lifespan is 6–10 years shorter in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the reasons remain unclear. Using linked clinical- and population-based administrative health databases, we compared cause-specific mortality...

...Francesco Patti; Cinzia Caserta; Salvatore Colandonio; Maria Luisa Iudica; Davide Maimone; Salvatore Lo Fermo; Emanuele D’Amico; Clara Chisari; Flavia Mayer; Nicola Vanacore Background: It is common that the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies with geography and ethnicity. Recent studies...