...Linghui Xiang; Xun Zhou; Runcheng He; Yinyan Gao; Mingqiang Li; Sheng Zeng; Hongmei Cao; Xuejing Wang; Yanming Xu; Guohua Zhao; Qian Xu; Zhenhua Liu; Jifeng Guo; Xinxiang Yan; Beisha Tang; Qiying Sun; Irene X.Y. Wu; the China Essential Tremor Alliance Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) is one...

...Kandice A. Kapinos; Elan D. Louis Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common tremor disorder, estimated to affect 7 million individuals in the USA. There is little empirical evidence on comorbidities among this population beyond higher prevalence of brain-related and stress-related...

...Elan D. Louis; Diep Nguyen; Ali Ghanem Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a highly prevalent neurological disease. Age of onset can occur anytime between childhood and advanced age. Tremor generally starts insidiously. Age of onset is a particularly important data item in clinical...

...Diane S. Berry; Nora Hernandez; Lorraine N. Clark; Elan D. Louis Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a highly prevalent neurological disease that frequently runs in families. A recent and controversial proposal is to separate ET patients into two distinct groups – ET versus ET-plus. If this were...

... case-control to cohort studies, and from descriptive to analytical studies. For essential tremor (ET), one of the most common neurological disorders, the issue of case definition is particularly important. Though traditionally viewed as a monochromatic disorder, recent years have seen an expansion...

...Elan D. Louis; Eina H. Eliasen; Monica Ferrer; Daniella Iglesias Hernandez; Shahin Gaini; Wendy Jiang; Wei Zheng; Flemming Nielsen; Maria Skaalum Petersen Background: Essential tremor (ET) is among the most prevalent neurological diseases. Its environmental determinants are poorly understood...

...Eina H. Eliasen; Monica Ferrer; Shahin Gaini; Elan D. Louis; Maria Skaalum Petersen Background: No studies of the prevalence of one of the most common movement disorders, essential tremor (ET), have been undertaken in the Faroe Islands. Given the potential for founder effects in the Islands...

...Elan D. Louis Background: With an aging population, it behooves physicians and scientists to gain an understanding of the intersections between aging and human disease. Here, the author reviews the intersections between age, aging, and essential tremor (ET), particularly as these relate to disease...

...Elan D. Louis; James H. Meyers; Ashley D. Cristal; Pam Factor-Litvak Background: Caffeine can exacerbate tremor. Reducing caffeine intake or switching to decaffeinated beverages can lessen tremor. Unaffected relatives of essential tremor (ET) cases often have mild, subclinical tremor. One question...

...Elan D. Louis; James H. Meyers; Olufunmilayo M. Badejo; Ashley D. Cristal; Ruby Hickman; Pam Factor-Litvak Background: The burden of mild (i.e., subclinical) tremor within essential tremor (ET) families is not fully understood. We assessed the burden of mild tremor in a cohort of 287 adults, none...

...Sherif Y. Shalaby; Elan D. Louis Background: Statins have potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects, and may have neuroprotective properties in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). There are no studies about the use of statins in the related tremor disorder, essential tremor (ET). We...

...Sherif Y. Shalaby; Elan D. Louis Objective: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have an increased risk of melanoma, although the mechanisms are unclear. We are unaware of studies that have assessed the association between other movement disorders, such as essential tremor (ET) and dystonia...

...Elan D. Louis; Pam Factor-Litvak Background: There are nearly no published screening instruments for essential tremor (ET). This is a remarkable fact, given its high prevalence. Here, we assess the validity of a screening questionnaire and hand-drawn spirals and also estimate the prevalence of ET...

...Elan D. Louis; Lorraine Clark; Ruth Ottman Background: Current data suggest that the 2 common tremor disorders, essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD), may be associated with one another. Familial aggregation studies allow one to further explore their relatedness. Methods: Probands...

...Elan D. Louis; Lorraine N. Clark; Ruth Ottman Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a very prevalent neurological disease. Although familial and sporadic ET cases are assumed to have different age at onset distributions, no detailed study of this question has been carried out. Methods: Using...

...Elan D. Louis Background: In descriptive epidemiological studies, investigators must screen large numbers of individuals. How one best screens populations for essential tremor (ET); however, remains an open question. The collection of a standardized writing sample (e.g., a hand-drawn spiral...

...Jie Pan; Monika Michalec; Elan D. Louis Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to be inversely related to Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, both of which may share common mechanisms with essential tremor (ET). Use of these medications has not been...

...Monika Michalec; Art Gillman; Elan D. Louis Background: Cranial (head, jaw) tremors develop in a sizable number of essential tremor (ET) patients. They are particularly important because they are a significant source of embarrassment and are especially resistant to treatment. There are no data...

...Elan D. Louis; Monika Michalec Background: The goal of this study was to assess the validity of a screening question for head tremor in essential tremor (ET). There are no published data on this topic, and the knowledge will guide future epidemiological investigations of this disorder. Methods...

...Elan D. Louis There is accumulating evidence that the entity referred to as ‘essential tremor' (ET) is not a single disease. It may be a family of diseases better referred to as ‘the ETs'. This review will summarize the following evidence: (1) the presence of etiological heterogeneity; (2...