Cell replacement therapy has been evaluated as a regenerative strategy for patients with fixed neurologic deficits after ischemic stroke. Animal models have identified specific cell lines which lead to regeneration and improvement in behavior and motor function after implantation into areas of ischemic injury. This has led to the development of pilot studies in humans, which have mainly investigated the safety and pilot efficacy of such approaches with promising early results. As research in this area progresses, further prospective trials are necessary not only to demonstrate clinical efficacy but also to understand the mechanisms underlying the early positive experiences, to select appropriate patients for cell replacement therapy, and to elucidate the optimal timing and mode of cell delivery.

Keywords:
Stem cell transplantation, Ischemic stroke, Cell replacement mechanisms, Neural progenitor cells, Ntera-2 cells, Human umbilical cord blood cells, Mesenchymal stromal cells
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© 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
2006
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