Background: Multifactorial diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should be more efficiently tackled by drugs which hit multiple biological targets involved in their pathogenesis. We have recently developed a new family of huprine-tacrine heterodimers, rationally designed to hit multiple targets involved upstream and downstream in the neurotoxic cascade of AD, namely β-amyloid aggregation and formation as well as acetylcholinesterase catalytic activity. Objective: In this study, the aim was to expand the pharmacological profiling of huprine-tacrine heterodimers investigating their effect on muscarinic M1 receptors as well as their neuroprotective effects against an oxidative insult. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampus homogenates were used to assess the specific binding of two selected compounds in competition with 1 nM [3H]pirenzepine (for M1 receptors) or 0.8 nM [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (for M2 receptors). For neuroprotection studies, SHSY5Y cell cultures were subjected to 250 µM hydrogen peroxide insult with or without preincubation with some huprine-tacrine heterodimers. Results: A low nanomolar affinity and M1/M2 selectivity has been found for the selected compounds. Huprine-tacrine heterodimers are not neurotoxic to SHSY5Y cells at a range of concentrations from 1 to 0.001 µM, and some of them can protect cells from the oxidative damage produced by hydrogen peroxide at concentrations as low as 0.001 µM. Conclusion: Even though it remains to be determined if these compounds act as agonists at M1 receptors, as it is the case of the parent huprine Y, their low nanomolar M1 affinity and neuroprotective effects expand their multitarget profile and increase their interest as disease-modifying anti-Alzheimer agents.

Keywords:
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, M1 agonist, Neuroprotection, Hydrogen peroxide insult
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© 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
2012
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