...Sarah Al-Mazidi; Laila Y. Al-Ayadhi Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate plasma levels of the synaptic proteins α-synuclein and γ-synuclein in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children in order to elucidate their possible contribution to the pathogenesis of ASD and to study...

...Laila Al-Ayadhi; Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan; Dost Muhammad Halepoto Objective: To explore the impact of auditory integrative training (AIT) on the inflammatory biomarker transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 and to assess its effect on social behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder...

... from our laboratory, have suggested the possible involvement of immune system alterations in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [ 2 ]. Thus, research studies investigating potential clinical biomarkers that might elucidate the aetiology of ASD are encouraged [ 3 ]. The ability...

..., instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Hedgehog protein Desert hedgehog Autism spectrum disorder Sixty years ago, Leo Kanner first labeled brain development disorder as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and since then its cause and treatment have been poorly...