...Corina Lesseur; Alison G. Paquette; Carmen J. Marsit During fetal development and early infancy, environmental signals can induce epigenetic changes that alter neurobehavioral development and later-life mental health. Several neurodevelopmental genetic diseases influence epigenetic regulatory genes...

...Monica D. Nye; Rebecca C. Fry; Cathrine Hoyo; Susan K. Murphy Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations can have a great impact on human health, and that epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs) may be particularly relevant in responding...

... explained by traditional paradigms of genetic variation in protein-coding genes. Moreover, traditional views do not sufficiently explain the well-known link between CVD and environmental influence. We posit that epigenetics, defined as chromatin-based mechanisms important in the regulation of gene...

... environments can influence susceptibility to chronic diseases in later life. The mechanisms by which the early life environment influences future disease risk have been suggested to include the altered epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this article, we will review how the early life environment...

.... In this review, we address some of the basic questions regarding microRNA function in human disease and the clinical significance of microRNAs. Specifically, microRNAs in epigenetics, cancer, and metabolic diseases are discussed, with examples taken from cholangiocarcinoma and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease...

...Gabriel Velez; Raul Urrutia; Gwen Lomberk Posttranslational modifications to histone tails (histone marks) serve as the underlying basis for epigenetic signaling in the activation and repression of gene activity. The specific temporal and special context of these modifications is interpreted...

...Jeffrey M. Craig It is emerging that the environment, particularly in early life, can cause long-lasting epigenetic changes that are accompanied by latent effects on health outcomes. Furthermore, the reversibility of some epigenetic marks in animal models indicates that, once recognised in early...

...Takeo Kubota; Kunio Miyake; Takae Hirasawa Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development during embryogenesis and for differentiation of neural cells. Thus, precise understanding of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, is important to elucidate...

...Pranab Dey It is known that tumor cells undergo genetic and epigenetic alterations. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic changes in the tumor microenvironment play a significant role in carcinogenesis. In this brief review, we discuss the epigenetic changes of the microenvironment in different...