... remains unclear. Here, we investigated the causal relationship between gut microbiota and different kidney diseases through mendelian randomization analysis. Methods: Gut microbiota and three types of kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and membranous nephropathy, were...

...Daoyuan Lv; Song Jiang; Mingchao Zhang; Xiaodong Zhu; Fan Yang; Hui Wang; Shen Li; Feng Liu; Caihong Zeng; Weisong Qin; Limin Li; Zhihong Liu Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common chronic kidney disease in adults and a major challenge of clinical practice for its treatment. Despite...

...Zhifeng Xu; Lu Chen; Huiling Xiang; Chun Zhang; Jing Xiong Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN), a major cause of nephrotic syndrome, has attracted people’s attention in recent years for its growing prevalence. It is the second or third leading cause of ESRD in patients with primary...

...Xiao-dan Zhang; Zhao Cui; Ming-hui Zhao Background: Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The discovery of the 2 autoantigens, M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A), has defined pMN...

...Talal Alfaadhel; Daniel Cattran Background: Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults in Western countries. In 2012, the KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) working group published guidelines for the management of glomerulonephritis...

...Jing Xu; Xiaofan Hu; Jingyuan Xie; Nan Chen Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults, accounting for about 20.0% of all NS cases. With an increasing prevalence, especially in the elderly, it has received great attention in Asia. Summary...