Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 850 million people worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There has been recent expansion in treatment options to reduce CKD progression and cardiovascular risk, and it is essential that this translates into clinical practice. Summary: The primary objectives of this review were to outline current CKD care models and associated care gaps, and review the literature for alternative care models, with a focus on the early detection and management of CKD. Several care models have been proposed to improve CKD management including nurse-led, pharmacy-led, integrated care models and digital interventions, with mixed results. Key messages: There is a need for ongoing health systems and implementation research to improve translation of evidence into practice in the management of chronic kidney disease.