... shock mortality correlates with overexpression of neutrophilic TLR2 and TLR9, while the role of TLR4 overexpression remains a debate. In addition, TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of viral infections such as COVID-19, where the single-stranded RNA of SARS-CoV-2 is recognized by TLR7 and TLR8...

... “poised” to enhance emergency granulopoiesis months after transplantation. Chimeric mice developed from HSCs exposed to conditioned media from MSCs and CpG-ODN-preconditioned MSCs showed significantly higher bacterial clearance and increased neutrophil granulopoiesis following lung infection than control...

...,” according to their ability to control M. tuberculosis , with “responders” producing higher IL-6 levels. The addition of neutrophils to infected macrophage cultures further enhanced macrophage control of virulent M. tuberculosis , but not in a stimuli-dependent manner. Pathway enrichment analysis of DNA...

... responses, while the mechanisms underlying the immunoregulation of neutrophils in acute bacterial infection and liver injury remain elusive. Here, we examined the role of MCPIP-1 in regulating neutrophil functions during acute bacterial peritonitis and liver injury. Mice with myeloid cell-specific...

...Karim Dib; Amal El Banna; Clara Radulescu; Guillermo Lopez Campos; Gerard Sheehan; Kevin Kavanagh We found that histamine (10 −9 M) did not have any effect on the in vitro capture of Escherichia coli by neutrophils but accelerated its intracellular killing. In contrast, histamine (10 −6 M) delayed...

... evidence indicates that Btk is essential for B cell-mediated immunity, whereas its role in myeloid cell-mediated immunity against infections is controversial. In this study, we determined the contribution of Btk in B cells and neutrophils to host defense against the extracellular bacterial pathogen...

...Gunnar Pejler; Sultan Alanazi; Mirjana Grujic; Jeremy Adler; Anna-Karin Olsson; Christian P. Sommerhoff; Fabio Rabelo Melo Previous research has indicated an intimate functional communication between mast cells (MCs) and neutrophils during inflammatory conditions, but the nature...

... is defined as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which in turn can progress toward fibrosis development that can ultimately result in cirrhosis. Cells of innate immunity, such as neutrophils or macrophages, are central regulators of NASH-related inflammation. Recent studies utilizing new experimental...

...Jonas Mårtensson; Martina Sundqvist; Asmita Manandhar; Loukas Ieremias; Linjie Zhang; Trond Ulven; Xin Xie; Lena Björkman; Huamei Forsman Neutrophils express the two formyl peptide receptors (FPR1 and FPR2) and the medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84. The FPRs are known to define a hierarchy...

... mechanisms of these PIDs. We focus in particular on the effect of these mutations on human neutrophil function. Both MKL1-deficient pedigrees described a mild nonimmune thrombocytopenia, which can be explained by the role of MKL1 in megakaryocyte maturation [ 29 ]. Proliferative capacity of T-cells, B...

... polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) with impaired phagocytosis had altered surface expression of CD62L and CD11b during early chronic infection. The initiation of combinational antiretroviral treatment during primary infection did not restore PMN function. The maturation state of PMNs was highly altered during...

... supported a focus on the induction of Abs by vaccines that trigger antiviral activities by relevant leukocytes via Fc receptors (FcRs). Neutrophils are phagocytes that comprise > 50% of leukocytes and display unique FcRs. We sought to compare the Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity...

...Nicholas Graves; Vivek P. Venu; Bryan G. Yipp; Björn Petri; Simon Hirota; John Gilleard; Derek M. McKay; Fernando Lopes It has emerged that neutrophils can play important roles in the host response following infection with helminth parasites. Mice infected with the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta...

...Abbie Francis; Erika Bosio; Shelley F. Stone; Daniel M. Fatovich; Glenn Arendts; Stephen P.J. MacDonald; Sally Burrows; Simon G.A. Brown Background: We have previously identified the upregulation of the innate immune response, neutrophil activation, and apoptosis during anaphylaxis using...

.... gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD). Here, we hypothesized that infection of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) with P. gingivalis and subsequent interaction with neutrophils will alter the neutrophil phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we established and analyzed a triple-culture system...

.... Lung Immunity Immune cells Neutrophils Macrophages Innate lymphoid cells Epithelial cells The human respiratory tract is faced daily with 10,000 L of inhaled air containing harmless environmental components but also potentially airborne pathogens. This constant exposure requires a fine...

... and calprotectin were detected in cell-free BALf from both endotoxin- and vehicle-exposed segments. The concentrations of precursor and active LL-37 and neutrophils were significantly higher in endotoxin-exposed segments after 12 and 24 h, and the concentrations of LL-37 and neutrophils correlated positively...

... these observations remain unclear. In particular, the effects of vitamin D on neutrophil responses remain unknown. Using pneumococcal strains, primary neutrophils isolated from human blood, and sera from patients with frequent respiratory tract infections (RTIs), we investigated the effects of vitamin D...

... or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. 2016 Host defense Immune response Neutrophils Pattern recognition receptors Phagocytosis Toll-like receptor Innate Immunity Myeloid-derived suppressor cells Innate lymphoid...

... decondensation, which is regulated by citrullination. Citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit) has been identified as a component of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are released into the extracellular space as part of the neutrophil response to infection. The conversion of arginine to citrulline residues...